{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/0000001z18/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["1981 Esther Bergh 06AB"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Esther Hockenberg","Esther Bergh"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-04-04"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["This recording talks about Esther Bergh's childhood experiences in Schwabisch Gmund and Munich, Germany.  She talks about her kosher lifestyle and the Jewish community. After almost being deported to Poland, Esther was sent to England. Esther describes her life in England and her decision to start a kibbutz in Israel. She ends her story by describing her journey to America and her life in Des Moines."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Family History","Bloomsbury House","Refugees","Esther Bergh","SS (Schhutzstaffel)","England","England","Manchester","Keeping Kosher","Israel","Red Cross","Shoah","London","Jewish Federation","Ann Freud Institute","Zionism","Des Moines IA","Antisemitism","Kibbutz","Amel Laster","Bureau of Jewish Education"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["TheirStory"]}}],"summary":{"en":["This recording talks about Esther Bergh's childhood experiences in Schwabisch Gmund and Munich, Germany.  She talks about her kosher lifestyle and the Jewish community. After almost being deported to Poland, Esther was sent to England. Esther describes her life in England and her decision to start a kibbutz in Israel. She ends her story by describing her journey to America and her life in Des Moines."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20251201-428871-7if7ez.mpga"]},"duration":2869.79267,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-jewishdesmoines.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/297/996/original/open-uri20251201-428871-7if7ez.mpga?1764604361","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":2869.79267,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["TheirStory Transcript (Paragraphs with Speakers) [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e This is side one","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=4.56,6.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e of an interview with Burberg or missus Wernerburg. Esther, would you please tell us","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=6.64,16.985"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e where you were born? I was born in Munich Germany, in nineteen","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=17.285,24.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e twenty four. What were your parents' names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=28.03,31.945"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My parents' names were, Amy Nasta and Dora Lasta. Did you have brothers and sisters? Yes. I had, younger brother and a younger sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=33.205,46.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your family do for Olivia?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=46.975,48.995"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was a, leather merchant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=50.575,53.075"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do they own their own home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=54.55,56.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e We own our own apartment. People did not own homes in that sense as you are","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=58.47,63.61"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e knowing before we go any further, Esther, let me ask you, what do you remember of your grandparents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=64.415,71.235"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I I only knew one grand one grandparent. That was a grandmother. She was my, mother's, mother. She was a very Saintly religious person.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=72.56,83.135"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And where did she live?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=83.995,85.455"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e After her after her husband's death, she lived in turn, with her children, some of her, sometimes with her sons and sometimes with her daughter. And where did they live? The sun slipped in Munich, and, my parents moved away from Munich And I was quite young, and we moved to a, small town by the name of Shrebischmann, which is in in Southern Germany.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=87.755,116.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask you this. What was your grandparents' education Was it secular? Was it religious?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=118.465,127.39"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e No. My grandmother had a had a very limited education. She were was a very wise woman. I I as far as I know, she was illiterate, she had never learned how to read. She was she came from Poland And, as I was told, she came to Germany to better her life. And she worked as a as a house keeper, in a in a Jewish family. And your father?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=128.97,156.855"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Your grandfather. Do you know? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=158.61,160.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My grandfather was, he was a tailor as far as I remember. I had never met him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=160.05,165.67"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And what about the education of your parents?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=165.97,168.325"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e While my mother was educated in Germany, she was educated in the public school system, and she learned a profession She was a bookkeeper and an accountant. She had worked before she was married my father was born in Poland, and I'm not sure about his education. I think it was pretty minimal. Alright. Esther,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=170.645,197.09"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e what do you remember about your early life at home?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=197.55,200.69"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I have only, good thoughts about our about my childhood. We were not, well- to do. We were not a rich family, but we we crossed, but there was always enough on the table. My parents were interested in our well-being, how we were dressed. And, what I, remember most is it was a good Jewish life. And I think this was due to, our grandmother. She was a very religious woman, and my parents had become somewhat assimilated, but because of her, we kept the kosher home. And, the, life was kept in the according to the Jewish tradition. What kind of education did you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=202.995,259.225"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e raise leave?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=259.225,260.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the years I was in Germany, I went to the, the first years I went to the, German public school. But, during hitler's rise, we were not permitted to attend those schools anymore, and I attended them a Jewish elementary school. Was it a religious","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=261.42,281.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e school or more secular?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=281.14,283.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e No. This was a, a Jewish school which catered to all kinds of, Jewish children, children who came from, liberal homes children who came from Orthodox House.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=284.555,296.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Esther, do you remember any vacations that you","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=296.86,300.14"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e took with your family? Are these special events? Yes. I do. As a matter of fact, we spend a number of years in the country. We had some friends who, who had a so called country house, and we spend, several summers there. I also remember that my brothers and sisters attended, a Jewish camp, which was run by the so called Jewish Federation. Now I remember being very jealous of them because I was too fat. Yes. The facts always The facts could never go to those homes. Only the thin children were allowed to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=300.14,348.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Esther, do you remember any of your teachers?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=349.03,351.77"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. They stand out well in my memory, especially in the at at the Jewish school. I remember one particular, woman teacher who I know was a victim of the holocaust. She was a young a young girl, a young teacher, very orthodox, but, very worldly. And, everybody expected to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=353.825,378.8"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Of your friends, are there many survivors or do you and do you know where they are?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=380.46,386.48"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I know, some of the lucky ones who got out at the same time as I did. When we, were sent to, England for the children's transport. But of many, recently, and doing feel I've heard that they were the victims of the Holocaust.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=389.195,406.195"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Ask you before we go on, can you remember any special way that hall of were celebrated in your home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=407.455,416.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e All Jewish holidays were celebrated very traditional. I remember particularly the the SADer and everybody who happened to be there in the same town came together of the family. And, of course, Friday night, candles were always lit in our home, and there was always a special meal. And even during the days when there was little to eat, some other, my grandmother managed to cook a, a shabbos meal. You remember with nostalgic feeling any special dishes that you like that your mother or grandmother prepared? Well, what I remember most is the the smell of the color when I came back from school on Friday. My grandmother got up early Friday morning and, bake the hullers, and of course, the smell of the chicken soup. And, all the traditional dish which, are prepared for each holiday?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=418.4,481.025"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask you whether many of your friends observe the Sabbath. I don't mean just the meal and the shabbat Friday night observance, but were they Shamari Shabbat?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=483.565,497.185"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e A good many of our acquaintances were Shamay Shabbat, but then there were others who did, did not observe according to tradition.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=498.365,507.03"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Esther, do you remember anything about the Jewish community, the leadership of the Jewish community, in your town.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=508.61,517.975"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, as I mentioned before, my first few few years of life were spent in a small, community in the south of Germany. The Jewish community there was very small. I believe there were not more than, two hundred family but they were extremely active. Everybody participated in Jewish life. They consisted of mostly German Jews, which means Jews natives going in Germany. We had a, a time or tour there. The children attended the time of tour twice a week. I remember having to attend the, shopper service every Saturday morning. As a matter of fact, this is that is where I first, my received my first Jewish education. I learned to read Hebrew and, I learned Jewish history and Jewish tradition. But, when we moved to a bigger city, Munich, of course, Munich was, a much larger community we com really consisted of three congregations. There was the German congregation The Orthodox German congregation, the liberal German congregation, and there was the Polish congregation. And since My father was originally from Poland. We belong to the Polish congregation. And most of the Polish, congregations, congregants were observant Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=518.674,622.725"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And do you remember the community set up at all? First of all, were your parents members of the synagogue?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=624.63,631.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. We belong to the Polish, congregation in Munich, but at any time, at any time, we belong to one particular, congregation. There such a thing as paying dues to the congregation? No. Not as far as I remember. I think there were contributions. People gave, Ronald contributions, but there was no such a thing as, news. I have heard that people were taxed by","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=632.335,657.285"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e the government and that the government in turn gave money back to the community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=657.285,662.41"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e That's correct. That's correct. Yeah. The rabbis in the in in the campus and anybody who worked even the teachers were paid by the, by the government, yeah, an intern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=662.47,673.415"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Esther, were you aware of anti Semitism before the showa.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=674.515,683.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Certainly. In which way? Yeah. As I mentioned before, I did attend a, a public school. And, another girl and myself are the only Jewish students in the class. And, many times, some of the children would be calling by names would be snickering. At the I remember time when I was afraid to go home from school because I was afraid that boys would be throwing stones at me. And that was in the early days. And of course, later and later on when I was in the Jewish public school. It became much worse.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=685.005,730.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Let me ask you, was this, behavior condoned by the school in the early days before the show up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=731.15,739.485"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Nothing was done to, to prevent it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=740.825,745.005"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. Do you know of any overt acts other than school, things that happen to your parents or friends in the way of antisemitism? Well, I remember","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=745.58,758.835"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e the time when signs went up. At different, public places to you wouldn't foreboding. This was the beginning. Jews could not go to movies. Jews could not go to museums. Very slowly and insidious was started. Jews were not allowed in a number of public places. Even some stores, signs up, choose, not allowed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=760.015,788.285"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Will you describe your earliest memory of the show on? How old were you at the time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=789.945,796.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e They but first terrible experience I had. When one night, this was, in nineteen thirty eight, October nineteen thirty eight. As a matter of fact, it happened to be a Friday night. Shavez night was knocking at the door and, we opened the door and there stood, two assessment and asked us to, get ready and come with them without any explanation. They did not let us take anything. Just get dressed. We had no idea what it was all about. And, they didn't take my grandmother for some reason, they took my mother and, brother sister and myself. They took a down to a police station where we met a number of other acquaintances. Nobody was allowed to talk. Nobody knew what the whole thing was about. And, several hours after that we were transported to the city jail. And there we met all the, congregants of the Polish, of the Polish congregation. And somehow, we realized that it had something to do with being Polish. In the middle of the night, we were loaded onto buses, and then were taken to the, to the, railroad station. At the Raylord station, a number of the, heads of the German Jewish community had set up had set up places of canteens. Canteens. Blankets and things of that order, which we were able to take along before we were, before we were, hold on the trains. At this point, we did not know, where we were going. The train started going, and, we traveled for about thirty six hours in crowded trains without knowing what the destination was going to be. And then the train stopped somewhere at no man's land. Oh, by the way, as we were passing through the stations, various stations. There were people waiting at the train and handing us, food and drinks, which were people from, Jewish, communities who knew of, the arrival of the train. The train stopped and we stood for hours. We still didn't know where we were going to go. And suddenly there was a suddenly the train started going, and it returned, wherever he'd come from. It went back to Munich. After after we got home, we were we we we realized what the whole episode was all about. We were one of the trains that was not permitted to enter Poland. The idea was that all Polish, Jewish, residents were supposed to, export export it or to return return to Poland. But by some by This our our train happened to be the lucky one. We were not, sent to Poland. We were returned. If our train would have been sent to Poland, I wouldn't be here today to tell a story.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=798.58,1032.655"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Esther, you mentioned your mother, your sister, your brother, your grandmother. What was your father through all this? My father, died","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1034.555,1046.079"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e early in nineteen thirty, six of a heart attack. And, I was told later on by my by my relatives that his health was affected by what was going on already during those times?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1047.244,1066.475"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e That was was it before you were returned to Poland Yeah. And brought back, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1067.175,1071.31"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e see.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1071.31,1071.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Esther, up until this time, you you seemed surprised you didn't know what was happening. Had you not heard of people going to concentration camps?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1072.51,1083.805"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e At this time, only very few people were picked up now and then it was the it, was not a very common thing. But after that episode, it really started. That was the that was more or less the beginning of the of the issue, about how many people were on your train? Well, it happened to be the all of the, Polish, Jews who live in in Munich. Can you go back","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1085.305,1119.465"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e and tell us What was your feeling during this time on the train?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1121.605,1128.57"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e But at first, we were young and children take everything in stride. We played games with the other children didn't really realize the seriousness. But as we looked at our and our parents and our family, we realized that this was not a game. And, we were scant.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1130.045,1149.075"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How were you treated on the train by the SS? Oh, in a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1149.695,1154.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e very harsh manner. Nobody was allowed to, look out. Nobody was allowed to move out much. We were sitting, and they were showing us But they didn't explain anything to you? No. You did not know where we were going. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1154.4,1168.445"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e when you returned to Munich, you are allowed to go back to your And when we return to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1168.445,1173.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e music, we're allowed to go back to our homes. And, after that, of course, we children knew that something was brewing. And of course, my mother knew for sure that it was time to get out by any means. Did she acquaint you with her feelings? Clear. She was very cautious about it, and I think she didn't want to get us too scared. And, there was a way could get us out. And to this very day, I admire her by having had the courage to send","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1173.35,1210.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e us away as she did. During the show up, were you in a ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1210.83,1215.285"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Nope. I was fortunate enough to get out before the war. England at that time just before the war started, arranged children transports. And anybody, any parents who were willing to send their children to England could, join the transports. My mother decided that since since she had no other way of getting out of the country that this was the only way could save her children, and she agreed to send us away to England. How old were you at this time, mister? I was, thirteen years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1216.865,1256.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was really something to send a thirteen year old. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1257.7,1260.82"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, my sister was six years younger. And she went with you? No. She went at the time. I was the first one to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1260.82,1268.505"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And you were there how long before she came?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1269.285,1272.185"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My brother the second one. And then my sister was How would you rather? My brother was a year younger than I am.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1272.885,1279.31"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Now what happened to them in the interim? Have they ever related the stories to you of what hap because to show how it must have become increasingly worse after you left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1281.05,1294.09"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, at first, we we heard from our mother. We got direct letters, which, of course, I have saved till this very day. And I, as a child, I didn't realize to hurt between her lines, but when I read it now, I can see how terribly she must have suffered. Having sent away her children not knowing where they were going and what was gonna happen to her. The second thing we received, was, mass you through the Red Cross. And, we I also heard about her through my uncles who were able to get out to Shanghai and, seemed to get some information about her. But after that, there was nothing What I am","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1294.71,1343.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e saying is, did your brother and sister have stories to tell about things that you didn't experience after you left for England?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1343.71,1355.985"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I really never talked about it too much. Just because my sister was little. My sister was just a scared little girl, and my brother always was the, the the father of the family. He played the father role. He was a very young mature, boy, and Somehow, he he didn't want to scare me, I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1357.405,1383.52"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e think. That's why he didn't talk about it. As your you said you have copies of the letters or the letters that your mother wrote to you. Would you be willing to share those with us for future people, for people to know in the future? Exactly how people lived during the show up? Well, I couldn't maybe share some them. Yeah. We would Xerox these these letters. Esther, when you came to England, How were you received? And what did you do? Well, as I said,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1383.52,1428.935"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e the the Jewish community in England, were responsible for the the children who had come from Germany. We when we arrived in England, we were all put into a camp. It was, actually, it was a converted summer camp. We arrived there during, winter. What what I remember most is it was very cold. They tried to make us as comfortable as possible on the circumstances. And I remember children from everywhere. There were children from Austria. There were children from all towns in Germany. And, At first, it seemed like an adventure. Children seemed, you know, take things in stride. And, there were some mother, him, some leaders there who were doing things with us and, many is signously inclined leaders were there. We're trying to persuade us to go to Israel to join youth aliyah. I stayed in this camp for about, seven weeks. I remember getting terribly sick in this camp and being one of the to leave this camp on account of being so sick. And, next thing I knew was I was sent to London, where I was supposed to meet some foster parents who were going to, adopt me. When I came to London, I, was waiting for almost a day at the, Bloomsbury House I remember the Bloomster house being a place where, this type of, and these type of children were taken care of. And since they had nothing to do with me, and my English wasn't too good yet. They were they sent me to the British Museum. I was wondering around in the British Museum on that day, not being able to speak to English, not knowing what was going to happen to me. And, some other, I took it in stride, and, laid in afternoon. They took me to the railroad station. They put me on a train and told with with my name on it and told me they were going I was going to be traveling to Manchester, which is in the north of England, and their family would be waiting for me, at the train station. I got to manchester late in the late in the evening a dreary miserable night And, handsome young man was at the station and introduced himself that he was, mister Levy should call him uncle. He said that I was going to live with him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1428.935,1601.835"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And how was your life with the Levy family? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1603.735,1607.035"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e kind people, but their way of life was somewhat different to where I had been brought up. And, they the I I went to school. I continued going to school for a while, but then she decided she'd rather have me at home as a mother help her. And that's where I decided I want to out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1607.9,1630.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And what did you do then? Yeah. One thing and","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1631.16,1634.075"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e this is Rams. I'm I'm grateful for them. They ascend for my brother, and my brother came and lived with me in the same with the same family. And because of that, I felt I had to stay on and and and help because after all, you know, they had taken care of, of both of us. They also sent away for my mother, but it was too late because the war broke out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1634.075,1663.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Where did you go from there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1665.605,1667.305"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e From there, I I went to London where I went to a, where I went to school to the Unalford Institute in order to become.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1668.965,1678.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How long were you with the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1678.56,1679.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e league? Ease. Almost three years. Oh, so you were all","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1679.68,1685.055"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e of about seventeen? That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1685.055,1687.235"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. In your brother, sixteen? Yeah. My the sixteenth. And he left when you did. My brother was sent to a yeshiva. The leavers were a young English a very orthodox, and he wanted to make my brother into, a rabbi. My brother went along with it, and he went to use. He but it became the rebel of the maverick of the yeshiva.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1687.855,1708.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Now the Levys had no children of their own? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1709.66,1711.82"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e yes. The Levys when I arrived there, they had, two and I had one every year.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1711.82,1716.575"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e So you left on your own.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1718.635,1720.415"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a left on my own as a luckily, I had, a a girlfriend who I knew from Germany and she and her parents had settled in, in London. And they made me feel very much at home and in in their in their home. And I listened to them wise, and they advised me that that I should leave, the levees and go out on my own, in in London. And you studied them. And I studied in London. I was at the on a","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1720.715,1751.875"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Ford Institute for three years. Esther, You said your sister followed you. When did she come to England?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1751.875,1761.84"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister came to England just before the war, and she was sent to a, hospital in, gateshead, which is where in the north, but she was extremely unhappy. And how long was she there? She lived there a number of years. She received all her schooling in England, and, whilst she went to school, she lived at that hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1762.3,1791.515"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Now in London, were you part of a Jewish community, or were you on your own, or what happened there? Well, I lived","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1794.4,1804.265"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e in London for about, nine months. And then the whole ins the, whole institute was evacuated to the country on account of the, air raids. And, a number of the students happen to be Jewish. And of course, and I fought herself as Jewish and then of the instructors, none of them were Jewish. I was the only traditional orthodox due at the Institute. Now remember, I would not eat, the meat. I became a vegetarian there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1804.265,1843.73"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And you were there three years? Yeah. Was that totally to the war? Or","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1845.23,1850.435"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e no. No. It wasn't anymore. I'll I'll I'll I'll pin that in thirty. Just the war hadn't ended yet when I left.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1855.055,1868.365"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e No. And from there, you went, Esther? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1869.625,1872.845"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I had become very interested in in Cyonism, and I had joined and I'd heard about, a group of young people who had, banded together into, a group to prepare themselves to go to Israel, which was called Hashara. And I decided I wanted to go to as well. And so I joined this group of people who lived in the country Now who paid for all this transportation of going to Israel? Was it the community in England? Yeah. It was the scientist amortization of time. Of English. Yeah. I see. And then you went to Israel and put them into Islam. And how long were you in Israel? And it's one of us almost six years. What did you do there? Well, since I came to the group who prepare to go to Israel, I joined, a Kibbutz now. And, as a matter of fact, we were the beginning of a kibbutz, which is now very well established. He puts","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1873.465,1944.065"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. That's an orthodox kibbutz. Is it not? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1945.63,1948.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a Hapuaila Mizrahi. And what did you do in the kibbutz? Since actually, since my trading, I had to do with the child development and, anything in that fear, I was made the the head of the the children with the children. Yeah. I will with children of all ages.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1948.83,1972.775"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e What, in the interim, what happened to your brother and sister?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1973.795,1977.815"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My brother, got married, and he remained in He was also working for the, movement and, did a lot of youth, Alibaba were of a lot of recruiting. He went to, Switzerland and, even to Morocco as far as I remember, and he he recruited people to go on aaliyah. Unfortunately, he lost his life on his way, on his way to Israel when he, he flew in an LR plane to go to a convention and the alpine was shut down over Bulgaria. Was this during the war? No. That was after the war. And your sister? My sister remained in England a year longer than I did, and then she immigrated to the USA. Michigan married.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=1981.7,2040.025"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e d In what way did the shoah shape your life?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2044.941,2051.82"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, the show had disrupted my life, of course. I never had the benefit of a, complete family life. But I think it made me it turned me into a responsible, Jewish human being. I felt I had a mission. I was a survivor. And I felt that because of that, I should lead a a special kind of exemplary life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2058.665,2091.945"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e What things that happened to you bring the show out back to your thoughts.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2100.83,2108.595"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e You mean, now now Well, naturally, when I when I heal, meet other people who have lived with me through some of those days. It comes back. It all comes back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2111.135,2131.345"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you had the opportunity of meeting any of these people who went to England with you went to Israel with you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2134.61,2142.825"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. I have, a number of friends who have settled in the, United States and who I have met. In several occasions. I also had friends in Israel who I've met. And I'm I correspondor and I I am in contact with a a few of them. This is the second side of an interview","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2143.205,2208.42"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e with s Berg. Esther, would you tell me how You first came to Des Moines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2209.36,2221.37"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I left Israel in nineteen fifty five in order to atten my sister's wedding, which was going to take place in New York in December. My family that had who had settled here an uncle two uncles and their family had settled in in New York, asked me to, to come on a permanent visa, just in case I would like to remain in the USA. And so I didn't come as a visitor, but as a, I came on a permanent visa. I spent several months in New York, And I happened to meet my husband to be in New York. My husband to be had settled in the mine. And that's how I came to","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2224.63,2282.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e the mine. Alright? How did you find Des Moines when you first came here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2282.89,2291.135"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I find it very strange. I didn't have very many friends, and people were not extremely friendly. I remember maybe one or two people who made it a point to acquaint themselves with me. Where did you live? First, we live for a short while, we lived, on Ninth Street. Oh, you were already married. Yeah. I see. And then we, in what year did you marry? I'm married in, fifty fifty nine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2293.44,2338.165"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And, you say people were not friendly? No. You had a few Jewish friends here? Yeah. And what kind of work did you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2342.12,2352.785"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Couple of months, I did some clerical work. And then I was, lucky enough to get into the, view of Toush education where I started teaching in the preschool. And your husband? My husband was working, with Robinson wholesale company.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2354.94,2374.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e During your first year here, did anyone or any organization help you get settled? No. Then whatsoever. No help whatsoever. What were some of the problems that you encountered in your first years here? You didn't have the, problem of language? No. Did you meet any discrimination?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2377.19,2402.785"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I didn't meet any discrimination. No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2405.39,2407.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have any health problems? You know, I was very healthy. What about your family in America?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2407.95,2416.775"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, my family in America, couldn't standby. I chose to move to the mall, and I had never heard of it before. But, they decided wasn't so bad after all. They they always tried to persuade me to come back at least for two visits, a year, which wasn't always possible. Your sister still lives in New York? Yeah. My sister lives New Jersey. She has a family. She has a family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2418.195,2448.015"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me a little bit about her and her family.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2450.475,2452.895"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Where my system, husband is a survivor of the Holocaust who actually survived the camps. She has two children. Now where did she","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2454.21,2464.965"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e meet him? In England?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2464.965,2466.185"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e No. She met him in the at the in the United States. As a matter of fact, she had known him in England, but, they got married here in the United States. And they have children? Yeah. They have two children. What sort of life do they follow?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2466.565,2483.115"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Are they traditionally Jewish? Are they, they","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2484.63,2488.17"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e they have raised their children and they themselves are, very often the docks. And, I feel some sometimes like a stranger when I and I stayed to a house. Now tell me about your own life and your family. Well, I was brought up very traditional, and then during my at a during my teen years, I became very orthodox. And as a young adult, I lived very traditionally. And, coming to a as a matter of fact, during my years in Israel, during my last two years in Israel, I became more liberal. When I moved out of the kibbutz into the town. Some other being Jewish was enough just by living in Israel. And I think this kind of, influence me as far as tradition is concerned. Now you were married here.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2489.43,2555.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How many children do you have?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2555.38,2557.075"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I have two donors. And how old are they? Twenty two and twenty. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2557.555,2567.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you send your children to Hebrew School and Sunday School? Yes. Both of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2567.64,2572.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I threw high school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2572.68,2573.9"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think they've had a good Jewish education?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2575.295,2577.475"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I think they've had a minimal Jewish education. And I think it was, enhanced by, what I tried to give them at home.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2579.855,2593.375"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Alright. Have you share the experience of as much of the showa as you knew with your children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2595.835,2603.66"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. As they grew we did talk, and they asked, questions about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2605.32,2611.265"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think they have been affected by it at all?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2612.205,2615.985"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e No. Not not directly. I think, they have become more sensitive because of it. But otherwise, I don't think so. What are your children doing today? One of them will be graduating from college during the next month. The other one is, a junior.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2619.81,2645.355"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Are most of your friends survivors of the show are?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2648.695,2652.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Human friends, in Des Moines. In Des Moines? No. Not really. My their acquaintances, the people who are the survivors of the, of the shore are the morning, acquaintances. They're not really, friends.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2654.94,2671.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you feel that the American Jews understand what you went through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2673.62,2678.735"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I think there's a percentage who do who does.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2682.36,2685.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you think they try to understand?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2686.92,2688.94"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I think they do.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2691.425,2692.645"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How would you describe your relationship with American born Jews?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2694.545,2698.725"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I have some very, very nice relationships with some American Jews.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2701.25,2705.91"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Has the showah shaped your relationship with non Jewish the non Jewish world?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2707.705,2714.685"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e It has made me become more aware and more careful. Of others. Is this spacious? Even suspicious at times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2718.89,2729.715"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you feel toward the Europeans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2733.75,2735.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I've I've what was it the English. After all, I lived many years there. And I, I like the English people for what they were.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2739.19,2749.945"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you feel about the Germans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2750.565,2752.265"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm suspicious of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2754.04,2755.66"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e You think they were all part of the","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2758.36,2760.3"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e of the movement? Well, what voluntarily or in voluntarily, they were all part of part of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2761.48,2768.815"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e How do you feel about America and the Americans?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2770.19,2772.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e I think there are a number of, anti semites in America. I see there are many Americans who are suspicious of Jews. On the other hand, many, Americans who are very tolerant of everyone You get restitution payments from Germany? No. I at this time. I got a a lump sum at the beginning.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2775.79,2808.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you yourself","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2810.62,2811.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e ever encountered any anti Semitism here. Not that I can speak of. I remember.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2812.905,2818.685"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e You have been to Israel. As you said, what about your children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2820.88,2824.74"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e My children have visited Israel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2825.76,2828.26"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e And you're you still have family in Israel? I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2830.805,2833.445"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_0:\u003c/strong\u003e still have family in Israel. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2833.445,2835.145"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996/transcript/87320/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_1:\u003c/strong\u003e Esther, thank you very much for your very lengthy interview. You're most welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163714/file/297996#t=2837.5,2844.72"}]}]}]}