{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/542j67br89/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["1992 Linda Fishman #2-Digitized 10-24-17"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Linda Fishman"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1992-10-23"]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["TheirStory"]}}],"provider":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/297/999/small/open-uri20251201-428871-ruuogq_1764604477.jpg?1764604478","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20251201-428871-ruuogq.mp4"]},"duration":2377.64193,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/297/999/small/open-uri20251201-428871-ruuogq_1764604477.jpg?1764604478","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-jewishdesmoines.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/297/999/original/open-uri20251201-428871-ruuogq.mp4?1764604476","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2377.64193,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["TheirStory Transcript (Paragraphs with Speakers) [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm here since 1950, and I came from Poland, actually. I mean, I was born in Poland, but I came from Germany, here to Des Moines 40 years ago, and I stayed in Des Moines. But just to tell you a little bit about my life in Poland, I went to school just like any of you. Um, when I was about 14 years old. The war started, the Second World War, which I'm sure you all heard about. And I was caught because I. My religion was not good enough for for the Germans. But if you'd like to know a little bit about my background in Poland. I came from a family of seven children. Incidentally, I'm the only one who survived. I don't have nobody left for my family. For my immediate family. Um, my father had a we had a butcher shop at home, and that's how we. Well, that's this was our life. But when the Germans came in, they took it away from us. I don't like to go into a terrible, terrible long story. Unless you you know, you will ask some questions because it would take a much longer time. You know, I just spoke at Drake and it took at least an hour and a half. And I know we don't have, you know, that much time here. So being that, you know, they shortly after the Germans came into our town, they took away our business. They put my father to jail. They put my mother to jail. And here we were left seven kids without, uh, you know, without parents. I was the fifth from my sisters. And then I had two little brothers. One was about eight and one was about ten. And they suffered terrible. And I remember my little brother had typhoid fever. He was in a man made hospital. I took him home, you know, and my piggy bank, because there was no cars like we have here. So you have to imagine that the history was just unbelievable. Maybe some kids from the from the other countries, they would know they could understand it a little bit better. But for the American kids, it's very hard, you know, to understand a life that we went through and how I survived this, it's a miracle. I mean, it really is a miracle. Uh, you know, the reason they took away. The reason they took my father and my mother to jail is because they took away our butcher shop, and we kind of did it, like on the black market on Sunday when the Catholic people had their holidays and I was naturally on Saturday. So we did it sort of in our backyard. And the Germans found out about this, and they came in and destroyed everything in our house. And, and I remember running with a quarter, well, with a big piece of beef. I don't know why. Now. You know, when you look back, it's kind of foolish. But, you know, when you were a young child, you don't know. So I ran with this meat to try to hide it in my in my sister's house. And this gentleman that we called at the time, Mengele, he, you know, had a gun in his hand and he yelled at me, stop it, stop it! You know, Steve and I ran. I. I ran. Why? Why and how he didn't. Why he didn't pull the trigger? Well, I don't know, but he didn't. And I ran away and stayed at some neighbors far away. Maybe two days, just shaking like a leaf. My father escaped then, too, but he didn't take very long when all the Jews had to register. It was about six months, something like this. And we thought by then he forgot about my about my father. Because my father was never home. He always was hiding out someplace. And a half a town was our relatives. There was no problem. But somehow he didn't look for him and we thought he forgot when he finally, when we asked everybody, did you register? Did you see Mengele? No we didn't. So my father went to register, and he just got up from underneath a desk and he said, got you. And why he was so much after my father. I still don't know. My father was, you know, average about. Not average, but he was kind of short. About 5655. Five. Six. And, you know, slim men. He never did anything wrong to nobody. So I really still don't know why he was so much after him. And he beat him up terrible. And I still, you know, I can see everything. But I tell to you, I can see it in front of my eyes. And he had, like, a white sheet over his head. My father, they put him to a man made, um, jail, and some bars were on the windows and blood was all over. It would not let a doctor or anybody, you know, go to him. And he told me, he said, if you kids don't get me out now from here, you will never see me again. Well, he must have known something that at the time we didn't know, but. Well, I made to go back before they took children out from, you know, rich homes, like the only child. And you never heard from them. We still couldn't imagine that they that the kids got killed. We thought maybe they were sent away someplace. For some reason, we didn't believe that somebody can be this cruel. And like I said, my father, when he told me, you will never see me again. And we tried everything he we did not I did not see him again. And then a few months later, they had they took him to a bigger city than ours was in Poland. It's about it was about. a half an hour from our town. So anyway, we took our lawyer. We sold everything, whatever we had. We took a lawyer, the best lawyer we could at the time, and they told my mother to take everything and headed. She didn't see my father for a long time, and she did it. And all this and that. Well, what they did, they took they put my mother to jail, and they and they gave my father like 4 or 5 years. And my mother, I don't know, 2 or 3 years, and I have never seen my mother again. So here we were left, you know, all the kids without parents. Now, what they found for us to do, like, you know, the ice on the street, we had to chop it off with a, you know, with a little shovel, whatever we could. I mean, here, we can't even do it, you know, with bulldozers. And they found such horrible jobs Even when I was still, you know, in my at my home in Poland. So here we were, a whole bunch of kids left and nothing to eat, no business. And we were not used to beg. And you couldn't beg because everybody was poor. So then they came out with something that one of from a family had to go to work for two hours, like in a forest or something. So I told my sisters, why don't I go and you will take care of the younger brothers? And it was not just me. It was a whole bunch of kids from each, you know, house. So you can imagine, like a crowd like you. And they were all between, I would say 15 to 18. Something like this. Young, young young teenagers. Well, here we congregate beside the. courthouse magistrate. And we were all, you know, ready because we volunteered to go to they asked us to come and we volunteered and they said only two hours of light work. But all of a sudden we seen all those German SS all around us with those rifles and everything, and we just they wouldn't let nobody talk to us or anything. And we just looked at one another. You know what's going on here? We volunteered. So why do we need to be around with all those rifles? Well, they came a bunch of trucks and they took us on those trucks and we went, and I have never seen my home since then. You know, they took us to to this concentration camp, which I myself and lots of other of the younger people helped build this. I mean, what else can you do when you are a slave and they make you do it? You do. And Pretty soon. I was only there like for two weeks, and I worked in one place where I had to pick up, you know, a whole thing of ammunition and just dump it in, like in a dumpster. Let's say it. And that's what I did. And I was there, and my cousin was there. And the people who watched us, one of them was just so mean that it's almost impossible to describe. And he hated you. He really hated you. So he hated my cousin so bad. And he always told her, he said, I'm going to send you away. You're going to have to be killed. Well, he did it. And I figured, you know, I'm the next, but I. I was afraid to say anything since I was, I was so I didn't know how sick I was. But finally, I just couldn't do it anymore. And I told him, you want to kill me, just kill me now. I said, I can't go on anymore. And so they called in a nurse. And the nurse. She took my temperature and everything. She said, oh my God, she has typhoid fever, typhus, which is very, very contagious, especially in those times. And they put me on the side someplace and like, nobody could even, you know, come close to me. And this was like, I told you, I was only there two weeks in this camp. And they took me to a, a hospital about two kilometers away to, well, a mile and a half or something and a horse and buggy. And I was sitting and hanging my legs back down, and I looked back, and there was a dead body on this buggy. But I was so sick, I thought I'd never make it. Well, I did make it. And at the time they asked me, do you have some relatives in this town? And I said, yeah, I have an uncle, a rich uncle. Well, they called him and they brought him over to me and he said, do anything, I will pay. And, you know, try to help her. And I remember that I had, you know, dark hair and braids and, you know, young girl. And they said, we have to shave her head, otherwise she will never survive. And the last thing I remember yelling, you know, no, no, you know, in Polish, naturally. So okay, the next thing I remember was like, I didn't know. I just woke up and my cousin was next to me and she said, my gosh, we never thought you were going to make it. You've been like this, like for ten, 12 days. And now I feel when people wake up from a coma or something. But I made it. I there was lots there were lots of typhoid fever people. Some of it. It caught you in the stomach or in the head. Now the head. It you mostly went crazy and most of them did not survive. I did survive. Now, my uncle used to come to me and he would say to me, why don't you come to my house and you will recuperate? And then, you know, we see what to do. And I said, I'm afraid they kill my sisters and brothers in my house if I, you know, run away or go away. So I didn't go with him. And then I was still pretty sick. I mean, it's a terrible illness. I hope, you know, we eliminate it. I hope we will never have it again. And I said to them in the hospital, I like to go back to camp. I still look, why did I want to go back to camp? I could have stayed in this hospital at least. Maybe by then, maybe I couldn't. I couldn't eat then. It takes about a few weeks till you get your appetite back. After this particular illness. So I went back and on the way back there was a few of us going back and, you know, we had to walk back now. I mean, it's very hard for me even now to imagine, after such a horrible illness, to walk two kilometers and I, you know, fell lots of times. And he said, you don't get up, I'm going to kill you. You don't get up. Well, I did, somehow. I got up and I made it back to camp. It did not take very long. Very short time that the news came that they evacuated the whole town from my. Including my uncle, his family to Treblinka, which is. Nobody came out from over there, and they killed everybody in the hospital. So I mean, when people say to me, oh, how did you survive? Or they almost feel you, they almost, you know, they make you feel guilty, you know. Why did you survive? But I said. But I suffered in six years. You want me to tell you in a minute? And I'm eliminating lots of things I want to tell you. Well, anyway, that's how I made it back to the hospital. Thank God I didn't. They didn't give me this job again with this monster. But they gave me three machines to work on, which the bullets, you know, they went up and down. Up and down. It would. I don't know how they make bullets here, because I really wasn't interested any more. You know, about bullets or guns or anything. I had enough over there. So I worked on, you know, with those machines, and we had, like, three different Germans. I mean, really tall, good looking guys, and they were as mean as they can come. But it was an epidemic of typhoid that they got it, too, They all died. I survived and they got better care than I did. But like I said, very few survived this illness. Well, then they then. Then another German guy. Now this German guy. His name was Martin. And I will never forget his name. Now, he was not bad. He was a pretty good guy for being a German. Like, if I would, you know, if this machine would chop my fingers a little bit, you know, they started naturally to bleed. So he would take me to the Red cross and, you know, just bandage them up with some other, I would say just, you know, go to hell, bleed to death or something. So this was something good about him. And the reason I'm telling you, because he will come later. And that's how I went day in and day out. Now, in this particular camp, they did not have a gas chamber, but they did. They killed you. They shoot you. And they would. Now, when I came back from this hospital, I looked terrible. And selections were almost every day. You know what selections are? You see, when I look at you, it reminds me a little bit like we had to stay in five, you know, one, two, three, four, five. And I looked so horrible. I mean, with our old scarf, you know, tied around here. And my, you know, the my the kids, my friends, they would push me in the back because they knew if I stay in the front the way I looked, I would be chosen the first. But it stands out in my mind is this young father, which had a seven year old child and he picked him. You know, you. So you had to go out. So the little boy started to scream, you know, I want my father. He said, go with your father and then put his own, you know, bing, bing. And they were all, you know, dead. So that's how we went almost every day. Where selections in the night. 4:00. They woke you up to go outside and stand outside and select a lot of my friends. They were, you know, selected to to be killed. Two of my cousins. So it was a horrible, horrible time. You know, it's almost I really don't dwell on it too much because it can drive you completely insane. And the reason I started to talk out about it is when they started to deny that the Holocaust never existed. And this one is if somebody if somebody would come in my eyes and tell me this, I don't know what I would do, I think I would pull the ice out because they should suffer what I suffer every day of my life and all of my friends that I that I have. Some of them were lucky that a sister survived or a brother survived or something, but I was just very unlucky with such a big family not to have nobody left. Well, anyway, um, this was in Poland, you know that I worked with ammunitions. Well, after about two, two and a half years, they sent us to another town, which I will tell you. I mean, it changed of in, you know, in English that's about. It's a very kind, holy city for the Catholic people because the holy Maria is over there. And they said that the blood was running from tears from her eyes. So I remember even when I was a little girl, that they would walk from all over Poland and they went through our city to go to this Czestochowa. So that's where I worked again on ammunition. Well, if they would have let us live, we could have survived. Because you can survive on the small amounts of very small amounts of food and things like that. The problem is they took you out and shoot you, you know? So you didn't have a chance, or they send you away to Auschwitz or they send you, you know, wherever. So for some reason, I got my strength a little bit back and worked every day, like ten, 12 hours and stayed, uh. I don't know, my mother used to say a person is stronger than iron, but weaker than a flea. You know, in a minute you can be dead, you see. But otherwise you can live through sicknesses and things like that. So, you know, they say you talk and talk and the kids don't listen. But once in a while they do listen. And I still remember something from, you know, what my mother used to tell me? Well, it didn't take very, very long after this, Chancellor, that they pushed us on the trains. I mean, really pushed us and hustled us on those trains, uh, cattle trains. And those were so unbelievable. You know, you only had standing ovation, you know, just like there's one stuck to you, you know, to the other. So this was a very, very terrible experience. And when they filled up the trains, they started to, you know, to roll on. We didn't know and we still managed to take our clothes. Now we were dressed, um, you know, normal clothes in, in those camps that I was, we were dressed in normal clothes, not in the striped clause. So when we were on those trains, we got every day like a piece of bread. Very terrible. The. I mean to go to the toilet. I mean, it's unbelievable. There was no place for it to go. And after seven days, they bumped the trains at the tracks, not the trains. And I'm sure it was either the Americans or the English or whatever. And we just wished that they would have bumped the trains so they would, you know, kill us once and for all and just get it over with. Because, you know, to die such a slow death. It's a terrible death. They would take us to manmade rivers, and then they wouldn't anymore because we died out. And pretty soon they figured there'd be nobody to, you know. And those trains. I think the reason that they didn't want to kill us all because they never thought they were going to lose Germany. And then they would exchange us for, you know, for other prisoners, for the German prisoners, whatever they had in mind. I don't know. But anyway, it was to them that we should some of us should survive. So for eight days we stayed on on the train after the eight days that we were already there, you know, riding from Poland to Germany when the trains got, you know, damaged. I made the train tracks. Then we couldn't go any farther. We stayed there for eight days without food. I mean, now it's hard for people to believe. I can't believe it, that we didn't eat for eight days and we survived. So that after the eight days they fixed the train tracks and we were on the road again. So pretty soon we arrived in Buchenwald. Buchenwald is a was a horrible camp. This was the first time that we seen people with their striped clothes and almost walking like dead bodies, you know, with if you see the original films, that they are all available. The one thing the Germans did, they kept every little thing. So we looked at those people and live skeletons walking. But they said all the men off. So they took all the men. Men. They were mostly under 20 and they took them off. And after a few hours the train started again, and we didn't know where we were going or anything. But what choice did we have? And we arrived to Bergen-Belsen. And if this was not a The worst thing about Buchenwald was bad. Here we. They told us that she kept us the whole day on the on a big yard or something. And she talked to us in Polish and she said, you came here to our haven, the best camp. You're going to get dinner, you're going to like you came to a fancy hotel here. That's what she told us. Again? What choice? We listened. So hours and hours and hours and we kept our bundle of clothes. And she said, the first thing you're going to do is go to a shower. Take a shower after this long ride. Well. Sounds good. So when we came into this room, it was something like this. And then they had the showers were running drip, drip cold ice, ice cold water. And we were just, you know, shivering like standing and shivering and then out rouse, you know, to the other room. We figure we get our clothes back. So then they started to throw us, you know, like a pajama party, which is the striped clothes. And they just threw it like this. So whoever was short and got a long one, they were lucky because they could have a little bit something on their legs, like tall girls they gave them, you know, some of them got short pajamas, not pajamas, but whatever you call this, prison clothes. Therefore, it's hard for me even to wear striped clothes. Now. You know, I just always reminds me. And so our clothes was gone. And then the third one, we had to go. We figured maybe we get something to eat. There was no food whatsoever. We went to the barracks, and I remember the windows were broken and a little bit of straw on the floor, And we just looked at one another. I mean, you know, all the promises, which I don't know why we even believed, but, you know, you like to hang on to something, to some belief. And this was Bergen-Belsen. The next morning I made 4:00 again counting. Somebody escaped. Who escaped? Who can escape? Those barbed wires all around. Electric wires. Who's going to escape? We look horrible in those terrible clothes. I mean, you go out, you get killed anyway. But they had to find something. Well, there was not much work over there to do that was just taking wood from one place to another. Or. I mean, you were lucky if you went on the fields, then you could maybe grab something to eat. But every day we got a piece of bread, maybe a cup of coffee, and once in a while, some soup. And that was maybe for the first three days. The following days there was no food. I'm telling you, a spoon of jam. We got one time. Spoon of jam. Can you believe this? Now, I want to tell you about this morning. And this was. Went on for quite a while. Oh, okay. Uh. It's just like, you know, people believe in Jesus, right? Jesus came to me and told me. And if you believe it. But this is what I'm telling you. This merchant from all the prisoners. I was just thinking on the way here. How did he come? Right next to me. There was thousands of prisoners. He came. He was standing right beside me. Just like God is standing beside you. And I seen him. And I said, you know, like I told you, we could speak A gentleman. And I said, Your Honor, what are you doing here? And he said, I came to take out a thousand prisoners from here to work on aeroplanes. And I said I pleaded with him like I fell to his knees. I said, please, you know what a good worker I was in Poland with ammunition and everything. Take me out from here. This is the worst place on earth, I told him. I figured death is better than this. You know, the lice were crawling. That's where Anne Frank died, incidentally, in this camp in Bergen-Belsen. And her sister and I have never seen this man again. And the next thing we knew, we were out from Bergen-Belsen, because I don't think that I could have waited. I could have survived till Liberation Day. Thousands and thousands did not survive in Bergen-Belsen. And we did work on aeroplanes underground, you know. We worked on what? What do I know about planes? You know, to put a screw in. And there were some French people, prisoners. They could go out. We couldn't. We were, you know, barbed wires all the time. And so they bring they would bring us something to eat. So this was already much, much better than Bergen-Belsen. I had a cousin over there. She had typhoid fever because there was no transportation. And we went, you know, bunches of us. And it reminds me, like on the Pharaoh, you know, if you look in the old days and the Testaments, you know, when the people went like, you know, with those shovels or whatever you had on your back, and that's how we walked. Now, the Germans say that they didn't know anything about it, but how can you walk a whole bunch of people looking horrible and what are they, blind? Didn't they see us? But what can you do? They. You know, everybody tries to deny it. Well, we walked day in, day out, day in, day out. And whoever made it, made it. We slept on the grass. Whatever. We finally came towards Dachau. We came towards Dachau. Walking again? No. No. Women. Thank God. And I didn't know what a horrible camp was. And incidentally, I lived in Dachau five years after the war. I never went into this camp. Now it's a show place. People go and see it. But I could not go in and see it. And they took us, like ten kilometers from Dachau. And we wind it up between Dachau or Dachau. How you say it. Munich. So you heard of Munich? I'm sure, Which is in cold Bavaria and it's very rich land over there. It's just like Iowa. But food for us. They didn't know food for us. Well, we stayed, we stayed there in this camp. Now this was a very dirty, dirty place, you know, just, you know, Lise and I, it's unbelievable. And we stayed there till Liberation Day in this camp because they seen that they are losing the war for some reason. They quit with the gas chambers and all this and this. But whenever they had like Red cross or something, then they would, you know, clean up the camp and give you maybe a little bit something more to eat just to show, you know, happy faces when they were gone was again the torture. in Bergen-Belsen. I have not seen anybody from Red cross. And like I said, we were liberated by the Americans, thank God. In May 1945. And this is the best I can tell you in a short time. And if you have any questions, I'll be glad to answer you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=0.2,1983.88"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Questions quickly. I'm just wondering, do you know many good times about you growing up to be.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=1987.33,1995.04"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e A good thing? Do I remember my good times? You mean at home or in the war? Well, at home we had good times, you know. Like I said, there were seven kids, and we always had people coming in. Young people. And we always, you know, walked. I mean, we walked a lot. We didn't have transportation like we have here or bicycles were even scarce. But we had a good time while I was growing up until Hitler came. During the war. I don't remember any good times. Not as far if you were Jewish. Now I want to tell you one thing. Hitler hated black people. We did not have black people in Europe. If I may, you know the gypsies. You know gypsies. They were beautiful people. The first thing there was like 2000 of them, and they took them to Auschwitz. They didn't have a chance for one minute. They straight to the gas chamber. So I now we are. If they wouldn't tell on us. Like I had brown brown eyes and brown hair and most of the Polish people, they were like lied. And so you could almost recognize not 100%, but you can recognize maybe 50% who was Jewish. We spoke a little bit different than the Polish people to the Polish language. So therefore we. But, uh, like I said, good times in the war. I can't remember. No, we, my family personally went through hell. Okay. Go ahead. Did you ever cry? Did I ever pray? Well, we always talk to God. I still talk to God because lots of kids in different schools like Grinnell. I spoke in Grinnell, which is a, you know, all the kids. They knew college. And they always ask me, do you believe in God? Do you believe in God? Lots of people can't believe that we still believe in God. I mean, we always ask, Where is God? But there's no answer. But I do believe in God.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=1995.25,2134.55"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e So do you think you burn? You do this for for a reason. Do you think he spared your life for a reason?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2135.03,2140.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. I really don't know how to answer that to you. Because why would. Okay, so let's say maybe I was older, I sinned. But why would a little year old child. What did the child do? You know. That's what I'm thinking. There was a million and a half children under ten which perished. You know which they were killed. I mean, I don't even like to tell you the gruesome stories because it would be hard for you to believe. Okay. You. And then you. Okay.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2142.55,2171.47"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S3:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you still hold grudges against the Germans? Whenever you see a German person? Do you still. Do you hold a grudge?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2171.74,2177.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e I think it's going to be hard for you to believe. But I have two German friends, and they are my best friends. As a matter of fact, one. I've been with her for 30 years, and now she wasn't feeling good. And I've been in the hospital every day with her. So, do I hold a grudge? Uncertain. SS people, you know those? I do, but for some reason we don't hate.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2177.08,2199.75"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S4:\u003c/strong\u003e Were you moved into a Jewish school or anything before you got taken away, or were you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2202.27,2209.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e No. I went to a public school. I went to a Polish school public, and we had a a teacher, a Jewish teacher who came in for an hour and explained to us. But mostly if you wanted religion, you went private, you know, to private schools. Now, they did educate the Jewish people where I was raised, uh, like the Orthodox, you know, the strict Catholics or strict Jews, they would just the boys, I mean, everything was the boys. I had two little brothers. That was the pride of my father's life, because here they were going to carry the name. Now, don't forget, it's 50 years ago, since times changed now. So everything was the boys.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2209.56,2255.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S5:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you come to America?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2256.96,2258.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, after the war, you know, whoever had relatives here, they had the first choice and they would sponsor them and pay for them or something. So they came and we had to register and wait. And we waited five years. And this was the hardest five years to wait and live in Dachau. Between. Between all of those people that really didn't like us even after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2259.23,2286.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Happened the way they happened. What do you think you were doing there? What did you want to do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2289.53,2292.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e But I want to be when I grow up. Is this what you said you wanted to be before? Oh, what? I would like what I wanted to be. Well, we in Europe, mostly you. You married and you have children. And the man was supposed to be the provider. That's what the But I was. I always, even at ten years of age, I helped my father in the business, in the butcher shop, and he would always give me something like Friday afternoon we had to close the shop because the Sabbath day came in, you know, the religious. So then I would sell this, and we dealt with the Catholic people mostly. So he would give me this, and I sold it, and the money went for me. So my father was really a nice guy, and he always loved me, and I loved him, and I miss him till the day I die. Do we have about one minute? One minute. One minute. Your last chance.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2294.72,2356.51"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S3:\u003c/strong\u003e Another question. This is just a comment. I would like to thank you for coming. I mean, we all get a lot out of this because some of us really didn't know what happened. And I know it's hard for you to open. Up","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2358.88,2369.59"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/transcript/87323/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eLinda Fishman:\u003c/strong\u003e and share, so thanks. Thank you. Thank you very much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2369.59,2373.55"}]},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Auto-generated Index (2024-10-23 18:01:07) [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction to the Speaker's Origin","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=0.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker introduces themselves, mentioning their arrival in Des Moines from Germany 40 years ago after being born in Poland. They briefly touch on their life in Poland, including their family of seven children and their father's butcher shop, setting the stage for their story.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=0.0,29.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The War Begins","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=29.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker recounts the start of World War II when they were 14 years old. They describe being targeted by the Germans due to their religion and the subsequent impact on their family, including the loss of their business and the imprisonment of their parents.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=29.0,102.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Loss of Family Business and Imprisonment of Parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=102.0,118.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker details the Germans taking over their town, the loss of their family's butcher shop, and the imprisonment of both their parents, leaving seven children to fend for themselves.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=102.0,118.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Struggle of the Children Without Parents","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=118.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker describes the dire situation they and their siblings faced as children without their parents, including their struggle with illness, lack of food, and being forced to perform hard labor on the streets.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=118.0,495.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Forced Labor and Deportation to Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=495.0,593.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker narrates how they were forced into labor, initially under the guise of light work, which quickly turned into being taken to a concentration camp, never to see their home again.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=495.0,593.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Concentration Camps","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=593.0,611.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker recounts their experiences working in the concentration camps, including the brutal conditions, the daily threat of being selected for execution, and the loss of their cousins and friends.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=593.0,611.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Surviving Typhoid Fever","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=611.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker shares a harrowing account of contracting typhoid fever, a near-death experience, and their miraculous recovery despite the high mortality rate of the disease among prisoners.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=611.0,1150.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Transfers and Liberation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=1150.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker describes being transferred between various camps, enduring a grueling train journey, and ultimately being liberated by American forces in May 1945.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=1150.0,2106.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Reflections on Faith","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2106.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker reflects on their faith during the war, their continued belief in God despite questioning His presence during their suffering, and the challenge of reconciling the existence of evil with their faith.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2106.0,2171.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Post-War Sentiments Towards Germans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2171.0,2202.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker discusses their feelings towards Germans after the war, revealing that they do not hold a grudge against the German people as a whole and have even formed close friendships with some Germans.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2171.0,2202.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Pre-War Education and Aspirations","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2202.0,2256.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker talks about their education in a public Polish school and their private Jewish religious education. They also touch on the gender norms of the time and their early involvement in their father's business.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2202.0,2256.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Journey to America","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2256.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker explains the process of immigrating to America after the war, the five-year wait, and the difficulties of living in Dachau among people who were hostile even after the war had ended.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2256.0,2358.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Closing Remarks and Gratitude","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2358.0,2377.64193"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999/index/90265/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker concludes their talk by expressing gratitude for the opportunity to share their story, acknowledging the importance of educating others about the Holocaust, especially in the face of those who deny it.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163717/file/297999#t=2358.0,2377.64193"}]}]}]}