{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/cv4bp0078r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Shnurman, Meyer 4.09.1981 AB"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Meyer Shnurman","Ruth Kaminsky"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-09-06"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Meyer Shnurman tells of growing up in Poland, and everything changing when the Nazis invaded Poland. He details the awful conditions in the Jewish ghetto where both his parents died of starvation. He tells his tale of survival through the ghetto, concentration camps, labor camps. At Auschwitz-Birkenau, his job was the 4 crematoria clean-up after the burnings. The memory of that haunted him always. He was liberated after their German guards fled on May 2, 1945. Ron (Uby) Rabinovitz was one of his liberators, but they both didn't know this connection until years later. He speaks about coming to America and Des Moines with very little support, and few Americans wanting to understand his plight. Both he and his wife, Frances, had health problems because of their Shoah experiences. His children were impacted because of it. He urges Jews to unite rather than be in separate groups."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Lodz, Poland; Childhood, WWII; Des Moines, IA; Pogroms; Jewish Ghettos; Auschwitz-Birkenau Concentration Camp; Displaced Persons Camps; Stuffhoff; Liberation; Meyer Shnurman; Benjamin Shnurman; Frances Shnurman; Yetta Shnurman; Harry Truman; Ronald \"Uby\" Rabinovitz; Jewish Social Service Organization; Dr. Joseph Mengele","Family History, Family Life, Antisemitism, Immigrants, Concentration Camps, Immigration, Refugees, Education, Polish"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["TheirStory"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Meyer Shnurman tells of growing up in Poland, and everything changing when the Nazis invaded Poland. He details the awful conditions in the Jewish ghetto where both his parents died of starvation. He tells his tale of survival through the ghetto, concentration camps, labor camps. At Auschwitz-Birkenau, his job was the 4 crematoria clean-up after the burnings. The memory of that haunted him always. He was liberated after their German guards fled on May 2, 1945. Ron (Uby) Rabinovitz was one of his liberators, but they both didn't know this connection until years later. He speaks about coming to America and Des Moines with very little support, and few Americans wanting to understand his plight. Both he and his wife, Frances, had health problems because of their Shoah experiences. His children were impacted because of it. He urges Jews to unite rather than be in separate groups."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20251201-428871-xqombn.mpga"]},"duration":4066.73075,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/public/images/audio-default.png","type":"Image","format":"image/png"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-jewishdesmoines.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/297/990/original/open-uri20251201-428871-xqombn.mpga?1764604123","type":"Audio","format":"audio/mpeg","duration":4066.73075,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["TheirStory Transcript (Paragraphs with Speakers) [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I suppose. This is Ruth Kaminsky. I am interviewing Meyer Shnurman on Thursday, April the 9th, 1981 for the Des Moines Oral History Project. This is tape one, side one.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1.73,30.17"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e All right. Mr. Schneiderman. Now, you will please tell me when and where you were born.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=48.86,55.73"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm born in Lodz, Paul on. 4th of April, 1922.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=56.42,66.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e And would you tell me your parents names?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=69.42,73.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e My father's name was Benjamin Sherman. My mother's name was Jaquetta Vino.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=73.65,82.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Tell me, how large was your family?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=84.63,87.27"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I had two sisters, and I am a twin.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=88.44,95.13"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm a twin. My sister had. Was two twin. So on. One just. I didn't know that it was all. Over. All right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=95.46,113.28"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e What did your family do for a living. Or your father. What did your father do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=114.54,120.8"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e My father was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=120.86,122.27"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e A textile weaver, you know. Yes. Um hum. He was working in a. Big","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=122.3,128.479"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e factory in the same place with. My","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=128.479,130.46"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e mother. She was, uh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=130.46,132.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Specializing in weaving in material. I don't know what. You know what it is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=137.24,140.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e It's, uh. They worked on cotton fabrics in that city.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=140.96,144.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Good good, good. Wall. Wall and woolen woven gabardine. Gabardine? A big mill.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=144.74,150.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So they both worked there. Could you tell me a little about the Jewish life in your home and in your community? What do you remember of the Jewish life there?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=150.83,165.86"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e There was a Jewish life for generations. Orthodox Jews from generations.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=166.13,171.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Your parents were. Yeah. So you would say your parents were observant or that they were orthodox? Well, they. Were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=172.43,182.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e more modernized. There was, uh, there was not observance like my grandparents, I would say, because my grandparents didn't work and it was more a little more wealthier. So. And, uh, if you want to know the history, I can tell you my mother's side, the land from the big shul was on our ground, but my mother's side parents give my my father's side was president of the shul. There was probably a pretty good size shoe. Probably had about 1500 or 2000 members. Yeah, that's a pretty good size.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=182.76,228.75"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e My next question is What kind of education did you receive? Did you go to a regular school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=231.0,239.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Regular school? Regular what you call primary education. What was recommended? Up until about 13 years, I call it. Up until like a high school, up to high school level. It was seventh grade, they call it. It was primary education. And after that, I went to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=239.09,258.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Technical school? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=261.769,263.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e As a cabinetmaker, I worked as a cabinetmaker.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=263.9,267.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You were. You worked as a cabinetmaker? Their training?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=267.5,270.98"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=271.04,271.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you go to a hardware?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=272.48,274.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, when I was younger.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=274.43,275.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But then you went to a regular school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=277.28,279.41"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e When did I go to school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=279.53,280.58"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=280.61,282.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I also went to Jewish school when I was really young. There was a different kind of school. It was more private school.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=282.65,290.21"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e This was uh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=290.69,291.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Was was a school of, uh, not exactly Jewish learning. It was Jewish history or Jewish living, I would say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=297.72,306.57"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Um, at the time that you were growing up and living in Lodge, did were you aware of of anti-Semitism? Was it around you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=308.31,320.1"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Quite a bit.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=320.13,320.94"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Can you tell me how you felt it, how you Polish. People","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=321.39,325.17"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e was very anti-Semitic. It was, uh, it was a rivalry between Catholics, Catholicism and. In Judaism. Jewish people, they never liked the Jews. And that's what part of it come from Poland to. To the Holocaust to Germany. As a matter of fact, while we lived in that place happened the incident that they was a pogrom. You know what, a pogrom. Sure. All right. And, uh, they put some people in the house, and my mother went out, and they beat her up, too. And I seen that thing from that day on. I said this was in 19. It was just a young boy, I would say 1935, maybe 36. I can't remember what had happened, but I seen that there was a great impact on me. You remember? Yeah. Because we had different schools. We were not going with Gentiles. We was going to Jewish, Jewish, separate Jewish school. I mean, it was it was a public school. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=325.2,397.1"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But in school you felt the anti-Semitism also from the children.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=397.52,401.51"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e All the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=401.54,402.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Could you describe your earliest memory of the Shoah and how old you were at that time of the Holocaust? How old were you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=407.03,419.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I got in. I'm born in 22. The war broke out in 39, in Poland. The Germans came in three days later. They occupied our town and occupied our town right away. Little by little, they started showing what they can do. First the regular Wehrmacht came in, which was the regular army. And then the SS took over doing what they wanted to do. So I was caught when I was 17 years old. And then we stayed in the ghetto Lodz ghetto, which they called Litzmannstadt Logic. They named it. Mhm. It's supposed to be a part of the territory. Thousand year territory.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=420.66,469.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So you were only 17. 17.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=471.32,473.69"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And by that time we were trying to escape. We know what we went through. My father when he tried to go to Russia. We thought maybe we can escape the Germans going through. And in that time, a little later, Russia swallowed the other part of Poland, too. So we kind of got caught in the middle and there was nowhere to go. So we went till the border. I my father left my mother and the two sisters home. We got maybe by that time we can take them, bring them back. And we stayed on the border there for about. 30 years. I stayed on the border for about three months, probably. We didn't go in. We were located in a Jewish family home. My father went back and I stayed, and later I went back home. So we stayed in the ghetto all the time. And the Germans closed the ghetto. They surrounded the ghetto. They made it a closed ghetto. I don't know, you maybe. Don't","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=479.72,553.62"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e have an idea. Yeah. You couldn't. Leave.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=554.07,556.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e You couldn't leave. Not like Warsaw. He could go out. The lodge was closed. Ghetto. And we were supposed to work for the Germans. And they said they were going to give us better privileges. And when I am, as a skilled man, had a better privilege because I worked in a factory which saved, uh, part of the time my family's life, which I had him all the time in the ghetto, in my own. I never was concerned about myself, but just to help.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=556.56,585.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e How many of the family did you have with you? Let's say you had your parents. My parents. And did you and your grandparents also? No. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=585.26,593.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e grandparents died and from hunger. And was my father's grandparents. Was living during the war time where they died the first year. I think your father's parents. My father's mother. His parents were the his mother and father. And he had a bunch of sisters. He had about six sisters. Five sisters. My father was one escaped to because he was in Belgium. They was in Belgium. They escaped. As a matter of fact, they went from Belgium 1939. When the war broke out, they went to Argentina. They are still alive. As a matter of fact, they are in Israel now, their cousin. So anyhow, all this justice stayed in Poland and they.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=593.93,644.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Did perish there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=645.12,645.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And my mother's side, we stayed. We lived in the same house. She was only alive at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=649.32,656.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Because my grandfather had died before the war. And she died there from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=657.39,662.13"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e From starvation too. Right. The first year she was only a little bit. But my father died in 42. My mother died a few weeks later. I was hiding there. I was young at that time. My father, when he died in the ghetto. He was 42 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=662.19,681.87"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e 42. 1942. He died.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=682.86,686.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e He was about.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=688.89,690.36"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e 47, maybe. And all this time you were in the ghetto. In the ghetto? How long were you in the ghetto?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=692.61,698.13"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Till 44 to the ghetto was liquidated. Since the Russian front, Russian front came. And neared from the Eastern Front, the Russian was already occupying part of Poland in the state behind it. And when the when the Germans seen that they they put us in. From the ghetto that took us to Auschwitz. In Auschwitz we. I went to Birkenau then well before that, my mother, my father died in the ghetto and my mother died in the ghetto. Yes. A few few weeks later, we went to a in the ghetto. We went to. I don't know how to say it in here, a spare, you know. It's just they closed it off. We couldn't go out at night and nothing. Just like what they call it here and. Thank you. You cannot go out and everybody gets it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=698.16,762.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You were locked in. You were closed in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=763.41,765.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e So we're not supposed to go out in the street. Nothing would, uh, call it. Uh","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=766.02,769.77"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e uh, I know I can't. Yeah, I can't think of it just now what the term is. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=770.7,776.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e So we went because there was. Taking people out to the prison camps and the crematoriums. And we didn't know that at that time. But we were all kept working, and I kept working in the same factory. And at that time, my father died before, because I was working with the railroad. They put him to work and he couldn't. He just died from starvation. And my mother, she was dead and I didn't want to give her up, so I was hiding her out someplace, and, uh. Um. You risk your life. I didn't care. That wasn't my concern. The main thing was your mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=776.88,828.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah. Was your mother.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=828.26,829.25"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, but my mother. But she was. She died about 2 or 3 weeks later. I didn't want to give it to them. I mean, I knew she was dead anyhow, but swollen up and all that. She was 42 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=829.28,839.39"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So when you went to the then when you were taken to the concentration camp, you went alone. Was it just you alone?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=840.08,846.74"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister. One of my sisters. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=846.83,849.11"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e and one sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=849.11,850.52"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e The one sister volunteered. And one sister. The twin sister of mine was a nurse. She volunteered to go work for the Germans. They said they need nurses and they will treat her right. So she couldn't stand it. She know she could have. She volunteered because she'd seen the horror in the ghetto. And they promised, you know, all the promises. What they tell you they need nurses on the field and all that thing. they. In the meantime, they took it to Auschwitz and made them work on the railroad and highways and railroads. I found out later, when I was after the war, when I was trying to look for it, find it. This was that's that's the. Way","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=850.58,886.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e they treated. Her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=886.02,886.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e That's the way they treated her.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=886.71,887.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But you were with one sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=887.79,889.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Until Auschwitz, until 1944, until the liquidation of the ghetto. A younger sister? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=890.28,898.32"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Um. And how old were you at this time?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=899.43,903.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e In 1944. When","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=903.81,905.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e you went to the camp?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=905.79,906.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e To the Auschwitz. We went to Auschwitz in 1944.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=907.02,910.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Uh, let's leave that. Well, before.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=912.42,921.87"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Let's say 23 years old.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=924.33,927.15"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e About 23 years old. 22. Yeah. There's a question here. I don't know whether you can answer it. It says, what were your initial emotions? How were you? How were you affected?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=927.18,938.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e How did you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=938.84,939.47"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e How could you take it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=939.89,941.3"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e It's just a matter of survival. It's just a matter to live it through. And, uh, let's see more. Actually, with the physical part we are, you have to be physically.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=942.35,956.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You have to be physically strong. And to take. It","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=956.84,960.41"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e more emotionally strong, more and more mentally, mentally that someday you're going to survive and you're going to be tied to join your family. And, uh, it's a matter of determination. Determination. You're fighting for your life and for your freedom. That's. We thought maybe someday you just, uh, most of those people are going to make it, you know? But most of it didn't. It just. It's hard to explain. It's very hard to.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=960.56,987.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Put into words. It's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=987.41,988.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e very hard to say it. Why? One died and one lived through. It's just. It's very hard. It's it's a I would say it's more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=988.76,1001.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a miracle that some survived. Let's put it that way.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1001.82,1006.17"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e It's the attitude of a person. And it's when someone wanted to stop him or someone took it for more for, say, maybe some day. And, and, and when you're in that age, you just tell you thanks just to survive. You and your family, that's all.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1006.2,1021.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e And it says here, kindly describe as fully as possible your personal story during the Shoah and at liberation. Well, how long were you in Auschwitz?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1022.28,1033.65"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I was in Auschwitz until the German troops liquidated Auschwitz. I was a long time. I was one of the longest in it. As a matter of fact, I worked later on and clean up the crematoriums. I worked in those parts in the other side where they burn the people. Auschwitz had two parts. One was Auschwitz or war camp, and the other side was Birkenau, where I was. It was a quarantine. It was a. A camp where people go to in and they put them to work. Was, uh, going to camp. How you say it. You go to a camp, but you selection camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1033.68,1078.36"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e This was a classifies classifying camps.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1078.99,1081.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e It was not a work camp. It was a camp. They selected people for different, like slaves, like buying them out in different directions. When somebody puts an order in for 500 people to 1000 people to go in some place in Germany. So this was big enough of all transports comes to Birkenau, not to Auschwitz, to that. So they clear the camp. When lodge from Lodge people came to Auschwitz, they cleared that camp from 10,000 Gypsy. They killed 10,000 gypsies to make room for us. Because it was about. I don't know how many thousand people come from.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1081.36,1118.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Human life didn't mean anything. Nothing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1118.1,1120.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Just a number. They didn't know no name, no nothing. They meant anything. But a dog meant more to them. Where were Jewish persons, especially Jewish people? There was. We was political prisoners. And then they gave us clothes and they allowed us. And we went through all the procedures. And when, when we went through Auschwitz Birkenau, they took one part, the older people in one side and the young people, the real young ones, they went to the crematorium and the other, the good people physically fit and the younger people were just crawl up from 1617 up till in the 20s. They took them to the to the working camp at Birkenau camp and the other the other part. The elder people with their children, some of them young ones, took their children with them. They thought, well, I'm not going to leave my child. So some of them was even in the 20s, they still went to the crematorium. They didn't even know. I don't know, you know, the history about how that thing worked, how they worked it. You maybe don't know about it. They worked. It was under commander, they call it. But but clearly there was a group from the Jewish people itself. And they was they were making their hands dirty. But there was the Jewish people did their dirty work for them. I mean, they had no choice. They were just bringing those people. And one part goes to the crematorium, the other side going to work.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1120.86,1209.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So when when you were finally liberated, that's in 45. That was in 45.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1210.15,1217.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e The American troops liberated, stormed our camp. There was actually Several armies around that camp. There were American. The Russian was not very far. And the British and the French. Even was there. I was liberated outside Berlin. Ludwigslust by Berlin. See? We went later on. It took us from Auschwitz. Yes. After we cleared the crematorium, we worked as a working commando. We worked some of the bodies and some of the glasses, some of the stuff. But they left. They broke up some of the stuff and we went in the last commando. We went from there. We went to Hamburg and Hamburg. We went to Braunschweig. We end up in Braunschweig and this was our working camp. And we worked in a German getting work in a busy factory. It's an automotive factory. They took us. There was another bad camp. We came in in that camp, about 2000 people. This was in 44, in the end of 44. And so survived. Very few survived because, I mean, we kept going from one camp to another one and we end up in the spring. That's the women's camp. That was the best camp. We marched all night and all day at one time. And, uh, we ended up liberated in 45. And Ludwigslust by Berlin. That's. I don't even know. It's the Russian zone now. Mhm. The Russians, when they made their pact with Stalin, they gave up that part of the Russian corridor. And they. So they had access to Berlin. All four allies. Yeah. And uh, after that, they was trying to send us back to the British. The Americans tried to send us back to to the Polish border, and we didn't want to go. So they put us in a Polish camp with a lot of Polish people. There wasn't even some of us business. It was business of war was a different kind. It was a Jewish. Six Jewish people. Boys, men. And then I started looking for my family. Well, he was in the hospital. He was dead sick. In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1217.11,1350.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e that camp. So I started looking for my family. I found out what happened to him.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1350.57,1355.31"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And when my sister, the two sisters. Because I thought they were alive. One sister was alive. But a couple of months before the liberation of my wife's camp, she was liberated. And she stood up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1355.73,1368.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e One sister was in the same camp as your wife.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1369.32,1372.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And she died there. Typhus. The younger sister.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1372.77,1375.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you meet your wife when you were looking for your sister?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1377.6,1380.57"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I found out. Well, I met my wife after the war. I knew her family before the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1380.6,1385.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e From Lodge Lodge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1385.67,1387.14"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked with her brother. And she worked in the same factory where I worked in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1387.41,1390.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So you met her after the war?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1391.88,1394.04"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And I found out. And I stayed in that camp. I didn't go more farther, I didn't look anymore for anybody.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1394.07,1400.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/105","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Where where was your. Where was your wife when you. When you met her? Where was she?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1401.73,1407.07"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/106","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e She was in Neustadt. She was liberated there by the British. A day, a day at.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1408.12,1414.6"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/107","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e The May 2nd.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1416.88,1420.12"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/108","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e She was liberated on May 3rd. Day. Difference. Part of the difference part.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1420.3,1425.91"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/109","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But you had never met her before. You didn't know. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1425.94,1428.61"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/110","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e knew her. I knew her family. I'd seen her in the factory. In the same factory? Yeah, no, I know yeah, yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1428.61,1434.34"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/111","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Here, I'd like to ask, how did this show us shape your life? How do you how you thought about it? Many times, I'm sure. Well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1435.27,1447.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/112","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e What I think about it and what I, what I. When I the first thing hit me more when I came to the United States.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1447.6,1459.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/113","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Then you started to reflect. Reflect back.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1461.51,1464.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/114","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Reflecting back more than anything after the war, I was just happy. We were married. We had. We had children too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1464.36,1471.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/115","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have the children? Did you get married and have the children in Europe?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1472.64,1475.7"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/116","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e In Europe? Yeah, both of them. Both. How old was born in Germany?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1475.73,1479.42"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/117","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So, um. Now I'll ask what causes. What brings back the memories? What causes the memories of this to come back to you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1481.73,1493.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/118","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Memories will never, ever time. This can never disappear. I mean, sleepless nights and all that thing. Why the world stood still and didn't do nothing. When we were real I blame sometime the United States. Even when I came, first thing they hit me in the United States I seen all the all the things, what they have and all. That wasn't the the wealth. I was talking about all the power and all the all the might. And I choose to come to the United States. I couldn't go to Israel and I couldn't go to other countries, although I was all the time leading before the war that this was a country of freedom and all that. And I and I could have stayed in Germany and didn't have to work the rest of my life, in which a German man said, stay. You're going to have everything you know. You won't know any more. One day in your life, all I said was the man who was in charge of that reputation. Money, what they call it, with a good market. They call it, uh, reparations, reparation, reparation money. So he was the first one. I was the first one to get some of it. And I even signed the paper. I said, Willie, what's his name? I said, Willie, I'm not going to stay here. Dead bloody ground. I said, you know better than that that I will never raise my children. And I told him way, way openly. He begged me. He was a political prisoner. He was just suffered just because he was against the Nazis. He said, mama, why don't you stay? I like you and I like your kids, and I like your wife. I said, no, really. I'm leaving. I'm the first chance I get. I'm going to go, hopefully, no matter what.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1493.88,1594.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/119","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e So we left the United States on there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1595.73,1598.73"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/120","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And Displaced Persons Act. But President Truman was the first one to come under that act.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1599.51,1609.65"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/121","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So this is what happened to you between the liberation and your arrival in Des Moines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1610.46,1615.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/122","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e In Des Moines. Yeah. It was a sign to ask. Uh, they ask uh, the State Department had asked and we got to go to different government agencies before who you are and all that thing. And they assigned me because of my skill or whatever. What I've been doing before to Des Moines, I said, okay. I didn't even know I had. I have an uncle living in the United States, and he was living in new Jersey. And I go see my mother's, well, my mother's brother, see, he left he came in 99 here as a young boy, and he built himself a nice family up at one of the.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1615.56,1654.45"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/123","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So you had someone here?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1654.69,1656.37"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/124","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't know, I know he's here, but I didn't know I found out where they awaited me when I came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1656.4,1662.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/125","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e They met you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1662.49,1663.36"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/126","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They met me. They came. This wasn't the last minute. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1663.39,1666.51"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/127","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e how long were you in Germany before you came? Four years. For four years? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1666.51,1671.07"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/128","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e In 49.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1671.1,1671.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/129","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You married and you had two boys? Yes. Now, um. All right. Now, I will ask you. You having arrived in Des Moines to tell what your life was like when you first came here? To Des Moines.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1671.94,1691.31"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/130","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e People are very friendly, and I was anxious.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1691.49,1696.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/131","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e To find a place to live. How was that?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1696.68,1699.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/132","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I found a place where to stay. The family and the community center. Was Mr. Spiegelman at that time in charge of the social service at that time? Uh, it was a very gentle man. And Mrs.. And Mrs.. Uh. Winegarten picked us up, uh, when the train.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1699.08,1722.21"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/133","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So where did you live when you first, you know, where did you settle?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1722.6,1727.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/134","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Essentially where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1727.04,1728.36"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/135","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e 55th and Ascension. This was near the Mercy Hospital.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1728.39,1732.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/136","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, there was a community house, a Jewish community.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1733.61,1735.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/137","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e How long did it take before you had work? And I. Worked.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1736.04,1739.94"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/138","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I wanted to work right away. A week later, I went to work. I didn't want to. I wanted to get on of my feet. Am I still to come here to try to give you money to eat for the family and children, especially my wife who is sick and I was anxious to get. I didn't want my child, so I went. The first week I said anything, anything. It's a matter of fact. By working, I even receive less money or this isn't this wasn't more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1739.94,1767.46"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/139","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the most important thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1768.36,1770.13"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/140","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I worked for the Iowa Jewish News. I don't know, you know, you remember or not. How long have you been in the market?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1770.34,1774.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/141","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e About 20 years. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1775.08,1776.94"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/142","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I have a Jewish news?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1777.6,1778.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/143","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e No. So that was your first job? Yeah. So what did you do?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1778.86,1783.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/144","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, tell printing help the apprentice. And they were spreading the news and all that thing. Anything. Anything what they tell me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1784.11,1790.14"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/145","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Now, during the first year that you were here, uh, did anyone or any organization help you get settled? Was there were there private people that took an interest and helped you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1791.73,1806.66"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/146","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They did a couple. Few families. Helped.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1806.69,1810.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/147","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1810.05,1810.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/148","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e helped me as a baby?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1810.38,1813.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/149","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. It's you and Mr..","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1814.22,1819.65"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/150","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e There wasn't any. There must have been an organization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1822.71,1825.26"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/151","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, there was a social.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1825.29,1827.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/152","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e The social service.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1827.54,1828.98"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/153","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Helped with money a little bit and helped us give him a down payment, a few dollars, and we just borrowed us money. We didn't have anything. So they lent you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1829.37,1841.07"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/154","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Money to get started? Yeah. Bought the. House","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1841.1,1844.19"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/155","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e on eighth Street.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1844.28,1845.15"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/156","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e And eighth. And you bought this after you worked for a while? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1846.38,1850.43"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/157","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I stayed there about several months, and I even let in another family with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1851.15,1855.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/158","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Grossman and you shared it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1855.65,1859.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/159","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Shared that place with me.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1859.1,1860.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/160","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That dwelling. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1860.84,1861.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/161","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you had to pay for it. You had to pay the rent. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1862.77,1864.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/162","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e all that. But it was fair. Yes. Uh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1864.72,1870.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/163","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e There were probably some problems and, uh, that you encountered during the first few years here, let's say, was did you feel any discrimination or the language? Was that a hard that? Was that a problem? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1872.34,1892.29"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/164","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e It was a problem. The first thing I found out that you have to know the language to get to get, uh, to understand people, what they want from you, what they expect from you. And, uh, communication means a lot. When people come to me, that's the first thing. So I went to school in that way, and, uh, night school a little bit. And then I worked for my citizen papers to get my citizenship papers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1893.28,1919.53"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/165","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Study so you could take them at that time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1920.0,1922.7"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/166","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I took them right away. Yeah, sure. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1922.73,1926.54"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/167","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you have any health problems because of what you lived through? Yeah, my wife had the wife on the telephone. Your wife had more than you did. More than you did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1927.8,1940.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/168","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e She was 100% disabled. I would say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1941.0,1944.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/169","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e 90, 80%. I don't know. So in other words, they. Classified","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1945.05,1948.17"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/170","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e it as from 80 to 100% disabled.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1948.17,1952.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/171","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That was before she arrived or when she was here. She was. Over","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1953.12,1957.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/172","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e there classified.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1957.35,1958.19"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/173","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Over there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1958.55,1959.6"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/174","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e When I was on disability, too.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1960.44,1962.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/175","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e And I had lung problems. And. Later on, I got better.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1962.27,1969.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/176","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Still, they're still with me. I found out now that when I was in the hospital a few weeks ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1969.17,1974.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/177","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That that a certain she is still there. They're still there. Still, I. Felt","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1976.01,1981.45"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/178","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e better after I, uh, lately, I just.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1981.45,1985.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/179","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Wasn't feeling so good. I never been in the hospital a long time ago.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1985.5,1988.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/180","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e The doctor thought I smoked. I had a pulmonary or something there all the way from back. About to go back. I had papers and doctor go over.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1989.91,1998.37"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/181","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e 30 years ago. As a matter of fact, the doctor.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1999.48,2003.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/182","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes, I do. Louis Gilbert.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2003.89,2005.42"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/183","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e He was our first doctor because he speaks Jewish and all that. That's what Spiegelman send us so he can understand.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2005.51,2012.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/184","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, I can understand that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2012.77,2014.75"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/185","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e He, uh. He classified me 80%. At that time, I thought, I'm young. I will make it through. And now it's coming back. The same. Thing.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2014.93,2023.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/186","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Um, there's a question. When and where did you marry? But you already told me. And your children were born in Germany. Your two boys and one boy is born. Here. One boy was born here. Oh, the one boy. One child was born in Germany. And I got three. Oh. I'm sorry. I didn't understand. You had one child was born here. No, I know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2025.31,2051.179"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/187","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. So we were going to see. Um.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2051.51,2056.94"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/188","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Did you send your children to Hebrew or to Sunday school?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2057.87,2061.8"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/189","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Hebrew school. Sunday school. And also to the. To the Federation. So that they had at that time, he was good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2061.83,2073.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/190","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e They owe to the Bureau of Jewish Bureau. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2073.62,2077.429"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/191","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Mr. Keyser.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2077.46,2078.27"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/192","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e What? Mr. Keyes was a teacher. Yes, I remember him. Have you shared your experiences of the Shoah with your children?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2078.75,2089.37"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/193","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, quite a bit. But they didn't, uh, there for them was too much.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2090.09,2095.929"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/194","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e They couldn't. They didn't, uh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2096.139,2099.08"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/195","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Understand it. They they, uh, I did. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2100.04,2105.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/196","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e were you. So were you when you saw that they didn't want to. They didn't want to hear too much about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2105.92,2111.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/197","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They heard it all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2111.53,2112.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/198","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e They did hear it all the time.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2113.09,2114.86"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/199","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Even by not saying it, even they felt they felt it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2115.01,2118.16"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/200","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Um. So you weren't silent? No. You did tell them? No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2120.17,2127.34"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/201","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e We wanted to tell the world. We wanted to tell them. So the American people didn't even want to listen. They didn't. They didn't believe it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2129.02,2136.31"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/202","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand, I know that there are such people. But the children themselves. How did they respond? Uh. It was. Was it hard for them to take it?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2137.03,2146.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/203","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Great impact without silence. They had their own problems growing up.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2147.35,2151.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/204","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So they couldn't carry the parents as parents probably wouldn't be happy. They","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2153.87,2158.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/205","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e took part in everything, all the activities and yes, whatever I could afford. I mean, there was no.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2158.79,2163.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/206","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So you told them about it, but you didn't keep reminding them about what you suffered. That's what I understand. No you didn't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2163.74,2171.51"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/207","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They they they didn't have to tell them because they felt it in us. They could have.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2171.54,2176.82"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/208","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Sure, sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2177.0,2178.14"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/209","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Just. Just by living with us, they they they thought that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2179.58,2183.45"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/210","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So your so your children were affected by your experience. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2183.78,2188.52"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/211","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Affect them very much. And I blame a lot of the community too. I'll be honest with you. They didn't provide it enough. And also about that other marriage too. They didn't provide, especially in this community. Not enough of all the there was a more division in the Jewish community between all the synagogues, even which should never should be worn. No matter. I don't care what the it's now it seems to me to get more united. But before, when we came here, it was talking about. They know what happened. They they didn't they didn't get a handle of it to grasp what's going to bring in the 60s when they really go out. And then that's the reason why when they did go up there, not just not just, uh, our children but the survivors, we got intermarriage because.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2189.36,2247.31"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/212","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Your feeling is that there were so few Jews that they should have been together more so the children would have become acquainted with all of the children, rather than just those that went to their synagogue, was.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2248.03,2259.67"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/213","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e What you call a segregation between the Jewish separation, between the Jewish, between a higher and a lower class and, and uh, and uh, didn't stick together and nowadays seems to be getting more.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2259.82,2270.45"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/214","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e And I speak to Mr. Cave about the cave problem. Yes. So? So what?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2270.66,2280.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/215","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e You can't blame us. We did all. We worked with the synagogue and Mrs. Turkey and all others. We worked with the community how much we could. But the shul, they would send the kids to camp and knows about Jewish life and all that thing. But it didn't. Didn't meant too much because it seems to me the community itself was divided. That's the way I felt. I still feel about it. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2280.59,2307.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/216","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I understand what you're saying. Are most of your friends survivors of the Shoah or people who were not in the Shoah? Would you say that most of your friends are people who also went through the Holocaust? Or would you say an organization?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2308.82,2326.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/217","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e We come together in the beginning. Later on some of them moved away, but we stayed with them and we also got acquainted with other people. I particularly didn't because I was not. I'm a man. But they everybody asked me, did I know any Jewish people? I said, well, I heard of it. I know some of them. My kids went to school or something. I didn't have I was in a different field. And some of us business people, which I have, usually people get acquainted more in business. You know, they come to a synagogue or something to organizations and all that. I didn't take that much part, and I was working hard to provide a living for my family. And the main. Concern.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2326.52,2371.69"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/218","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You were an arbiter, so you didn't come in contact that much with those people, except in the synagogue.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2371.72,2378.14"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/219","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Except in the synagogue. And sometimes we went on meeting some Federation once in a while, and my son took more part in it. As a matter of fact, my oldest dream, even as being of a poor family from a broken family, he wanted to be a social service president. He was president of social service. He worked with patients and could know a lot of things. And he still had married an unused girl. He had old girls. This is what turned me off more than anything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2378.17,2408.21"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/220","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I'm going to shut this off and turn it so I won't be interrupted. And we can. Have you ever. I'm sorry. Um, this is Ruth Kaminsky. I am interviewing Meyer Schneiderman on Thursday, April 9th, 1981 for the Des Moines Oral History Project. This is tape one. Side two. Have you ever told non-Jewish Americans about your experiences in the Shoah? Have you spoken to non-Jews? I try. I try to reveal it. What was their reaction? Well.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2410.61,2473.42"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/221","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They said they said they had a war and they know what their part of what they did was. They didn't share the. They might they might share the feelings, but they didn't. They didn't have the experience. They didn't they didn't actually the American people didn't know that such a such crimes could even be existed. I mean, such a thing could have happened to people, but That they could not understand it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2474.41,2503.28"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/222","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you feel that they were interested in the Shoah or in your experiences?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2504.15,2508.95"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/223","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Some of them did put a kind of sympathy with you. This was more of just sympathy. It was just.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2508.98,2516.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/224","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But not understanding.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2517.71,2519.03"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/225","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Not understanding. There was a new era, a new era of of what happened to millions of people was just unbearable. And to a modern civilization, there's such a thing could happen. And the world stood silent. I mean, even they could have done more. And the Christian world. The Pope was silent. It's a matter of fact. They they didn't do nothing. We were concerned. And something else I want to add to this the reason why it happened. Most of the time when I felt that probably wouldn't happen, that the obstacle to that kind of impact, because there was no state of Israel, there was nobody to take you in, to go to battle for you. It's just it seems like you're born a you don't have a father or mother. There's nobody cared. Who were the Jews to say, to say anything? What? What will happen? Who will? Who will go to defend it? Nobody. The American mind. Their own business. Like I would say, there was interest. More in business likes. And there was concern when they when they. When they're supposed to bomb the crematorium. They, they said they didn't have enough bomb or they didn't have enough things to do when they could have saved probably millions by doing the thing. There was wasn't in their plan in the strategic or military plans. In the meantime, millions died from starvation. And I think I blame a lot of ways It's now in the past. Now, in the hindsight, I could say they know what's going on. The military, it just seems to me there was not. Or I would say.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2519.06,2633.57"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/226","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e They didn't care.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2636.93,2637.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/227","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e  There was just after Pearl Harbor, they started carrying it. This was in that time already. I don't know how many millions died. 41st December. The ghetto was bleeding and the crematorium was already burning. And a lot of people fought for their life and died in the Lodz Ghetto was dying people by the hundreds. And nobody seen such horrors. And the different way. What nobody can even imagine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2637.95,2671.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/228","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Do you feel that American Jews that there are some that understand what you went through.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2673.41,2680.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/229","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Some will understand if they just want to listen. Some don't want to understand. They don't. They didn't even believe yourself. They don't have to believe it. I myself don't believe it. Sometimes I wake up because it was so terrible. How could it happen? Sometimes I just. When I put myself together that I don't believe it myself. To what? All those things would happen if it did happen. All millions of people. This whole family is wiped off from the earth, from from hundreds of years, thousands of years, when there was there in Poland or Russia and some other part of Europe that existed there. It just wasn't just it wasn't just people. It was a whole area of a whole civilization.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2680.69,2729.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/230","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Civilization is. Just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2729.59,2731.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/231","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e more we just people.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2732.32,2733.22"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/232","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Wiped out. Wiped Wipe.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2733.25,2734.22"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/233","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Completely out. And. When the state of Israel. I think probably would. I don't think there would be. Probably everything would have went down in vain. Probably. But, uh, it would be. Just kept it silent for a longer time. Probably more. Are we dead? Or after? After establishing the State of Israel in 48, I think things started coming to light because before even 48, they didn't even let the Jews in. I was trying to go on the exodus myself and that ship to go there, which I took part in. But the Haganah, which is everywhere. They want us. There was the younger people to join or give money or whatever. But I had a wife and two kids at that time. I said, no, I don't want to go there. They're like, just, uh, not that that reason. I want to have a little peace. And then. Then let's decide. And I thought maybe a better place for the kids. And. I wish I would, I wish I would have go. So.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2734.25,2806.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/234","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e How would you describe your relationships with American born Jews? You've been here for some time already?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2809.6,2820.61"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/235","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S3:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2820.64,2821.54"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/236","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e American born. It all depends on the upbringing, how they've been brought up, what they share in the in the community. Jewish life. Or they care or they don't care or they care for just for personal gain or just to mention the culture and or they care for the people. They might something might happen here at the same time. Sometimes that's Or pull the pins the way they live and what they what their interest is. Interest, right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2823.13,2855.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/237","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2856.11,2856.86"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/238","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And then another human life, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2856.89,2859.11"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/239","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e How has the Shoah shaped your relationships with the non-Jewish world? Well, I think you expressed yourself already. The non-Jewish world, they weren't. They didn't care.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2860.1,2874.86"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/240","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't care about them either. They're good. Good people like people. Although when it comes to the when it comes between the life and death and such a thing would happen. They're not. They're not the people that I want to be with. Oh, it's like in Europe, uh, you might do business and live and and probably all from different nationalities. And probably there was probably persecution in some other. land and other other countries about different reasons why they come. Their parents come to the United States but were not under debt and not under that kind of condition. We came.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2876.42,2920.42"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/241","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Not so many millions, millions destroyed.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2921.38,2924.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/242","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Destroyed. And the fact that they affect their own lives beside it physically and mentally. It's more the mental part of the physical. They want to survive. It's more probably, I would say, the mental part of them. And, uh, it was helpless. I mean, nobody could do anything about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2924.56,2943.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/243","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e And Europeans. Well, I don't know how you can feel about Europeans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2944.87,2949.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/244","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They didn't, uh, Polish people. They didn't help anything. They was just under Semitism before the war. I mean, they didn't care that Jewish will live or Jewish will die. They said, uh, another Jew, they thought, uh, if another Jew die, they will have the their property or owner was told that the Germans didn't spare anybody they wanted. Hitler wanted one to drive. He wanted people on one side. It's a matter of fact. He killed his own people. He just. Who wasn't for him was against him. It was against him. That's right. There was no middle between it. And you know, the Jewish will be rebellious about about their freedom. Because you see what you see yesterday in Masada, there was more and more freedom of people means more wealth and everything.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2950.0,3002.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/245","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That was the meaning of it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3003.59,3004.67"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/246","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e This was the meaning of the story. That's right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3004.7,3006.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/247","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e When you lived in Germany after the war, it's hard to say how you felt about the Germans.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3007.37,3015.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/248","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, there was trying to be nice to us. They did? I didn't believe it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3015.65,3018.89"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/249","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You didn't trust them. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3019.76,3021.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/250","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't trust them. They they they pictured after the war. They pictured us as different people. Before the war, they thought we were animals. We just. Ju was, uh, pictured as, like a Sherlock, uh, you know, uh, a Wheeler dealer and and, uh, didn't care for the government and never wanted to work and all that thing. After the war, they found out the few survivors. They found out I had contact with German people. They didn't want to deal with other nationalities. They wanted to deal just with Jewish people. They they felt well, we was more gentle to them and more understanding even what they did.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3021.41,3064.9"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/251","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e When they were to each other.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3066.55,3068.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/252","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They did. Right. Well, they didn't trust each other. They didn't trust their neighbors, but they trusted us. They wanted to take us in and they give us everything, but we didn't want nothing from them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3068.08,3076.6"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/253","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I had a feeling of guilt also.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3078.25,3080.98"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/254","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e They. Right. They said they didn't know nothing about it. I didn't believe in anything because they all see it and they all know about it. Maybe there was helpless over some of them could have done more of what they did. I mean, there wasn't and it had to be murders and all that because we wasn't already an army besieged to what you call defeated. And we were willing to work for them just to stay alive. They didn't even let us do that.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3081.28,3108.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/255","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, and say your relationship with America and the Americans. Well, this is your home now. So,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3113.33,3120.74"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/256","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e yeah, the Americans you find out here, too, quite a bit. It's a matter of fact, because I worked in a different. I worked in a I worked for a Jewish company, which was youngest now. Not anymore, but it used to be more to the Jewish people. But you find anti-Semitism right there because I worked with a lower class of people called divers and warehousemen and all that thing. I heard it every day.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3120.77,3143.46"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/257","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You feel it when you're amongst them? Yeah. They make you feel that you're different. Sure.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3144.45,3149.28"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/258","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e A lot of times I've been told how I've been spared and all that thing. Just. Just for. Just in a joke. Yeah. They want the same thing here. They feel I've been told by my own boss, and I said, listen, I don't want to hear about that thing. I told him he didn't like that, and something happened. Let's say just a minor thing in the factory or just something didn't go right. I've been told you people did it like I am to blame. But it's your people on top, like Mr. Duchin or somebody else, or Mr. Friedman. I never brought that up to them. To them. And I told my own boss, I said, I don't want to hear about that thing. Don't you ever tell me that I met my job. He could have fired me for it if I thought he didn't like it. I said he didn't mean that, but it was something like inventory or some different stuff came in in a pile when we had inventory. It's just different.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3149.31,3208.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/259","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e In other words, you didn't go through all what you went through to come here and listen to an anti-Semite without telling him something. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3208.97,3215.9"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/260","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e It's still telling me that the religious things did. I got one guy over there who tells me about Christ and all that thing that he'd been sold. Sold the Jewish. The Jewish sold him and all that thing. I said, I don't want to hear about that thing. You can't. I told him, you can hang yourself, but I think you're a woman yourself. He's Italian. And who do you think? What you what you did?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3215.93,3236.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/261","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's good.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3237.62,3238.28"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/262","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't take the. I don't take the group. They call me a rebel. But, you know, it's sometimes it's not good to be outspoken, very outspoken. You just get a feedback from it. But, you know, you think you don't look no sympathy for them. It's just they. They couldn't give me nothing for the sympathy. They didn't even know what happened. There were a few of them was concerned. They understandable this. Very few. Very few of them had their own things. They're better off not to say nothing. They just leave things to last.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3238.49,3271.41"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/263","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I expect that you get restitution payments from Germany. Yeah. And the question is, what are your feelings about receiving them?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3279.0,3288.57"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/264","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, in the beginning, we didn't want it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3288.72,3290.37"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/265","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3290.55,3291.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/266","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e At the beginning, I said they can. They can have it all. This is the reason why we came here. I had to sign a paper for it. That we will not receive anything. And I still went. I still come to the United States, just like I told you before. Mhm. And that guy said, if you sign this paper, you're not going to get anything more. This was just an invalid paper because it was under Later on, the restitution came to the Congress and wall to wall Congress. And for the people that, uh, survived in the time being in prison would not get paid for being working for the Germans and all that thing. This was most of them disability, physical and mental. Disability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3291.36,3334.7"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/267","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But what you get, that's what it is mostly for physical and mental disability.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3334.73,3340.19"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/268","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, thank you very much. There isn't very much. That's what we lost this. It never can never. Repay","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3344.57,3351.14"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/269","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e you.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3351.17,3351.29"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/270","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e For that. We didn't even talk about that. We don't.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3351.44,3354.62"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/271","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Know. This is a question that now I feel.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3355.61,3358.79"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/272","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, we can take their guts out. Now I feel that way. My feeling is now we can take their head off. Pay for it. What they did. It wouldn't be enough. But in the beginning, I felt.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3359.15,3373.91"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/273","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You didn't feel that anything could repay you for what you suffered right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3373.92,3377.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/274","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e In the beginning. There's no no, no monetary wealth or could could repay. There wasn't nothing I could understand. But now I feel well. I take even.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3378.72,3393.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/275","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e Whatever we can get is fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3394.29,3397.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/276","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Have you. Have you ever been to Israel? Did you ever get to Israel?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3401.04,3405.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/277","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I did not go to Israel. I didn't have anybody there, I did. I never been because I kept working at trying to work hard enough to get the kids to go to college. And especially my wife was she's not well. I mean, she's she had a problem besides what she got now, physical problems. And she died really now. And she got high blood pressure. And she is. She is not a mental problem. A little bit. In the beginning she was not that in shape, but she was liberated in a different area on a boat. A floating boat with 7000 people died. She was a few of them.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3405.09,3447.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/278","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Because she was on a boat.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3447.11,3449.87"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/279","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e A boat? Yeah, on a barge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3449.9,3452.15"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/280","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Where?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3452.39,3453.2"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/281","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e On that little town where she was liberated. No, that whole state. That's where we lived all the time. Right by the sea. Not on the sea. They had the U-boats. U-boat. Germans. U-boats. They put them all in boats to try to escape the the British. Oh, yeah. She was liberated there. And then I went. Later on, I met her. I found her there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3453.62,3478.73"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/282","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e So she really suffered. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3479.96,3481.91"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/283","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e She was there. She was in the hospital. She was the first one to use the facilities because she was real sick. Right. It took a long time for her to recover. Um.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3481.94,3494.43"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/284","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure you'd like to go to Israel if you had an opportunity to go. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3496.14,3501.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/285","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'd like to, but I'd like to go. You see, I don't have nobody there. I mean, his father had no family. No, I. I support Israel 100%. I mean.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3501.54,3513.39"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/286","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I'm sure you do. I hope someday you'll be able to go.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3514.05,3517.59"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/287","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, we could have if we wanted to. If we wanted to get it. That's why a lot of time talking about it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3517.62,3522.69"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/288","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I hope when she feels well and you should be well and you should be able to go there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3523.05,3528.93"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/289","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Yeah, I could have done it. It's my own fault because I stayed here. It was different. Different things happened in the meantime with the kids, but I kind of had some different problems, so I. I said, I don't go nowhere until I get some other things straightened out.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3529.47,3547.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/290","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I hope I hope you'll be able to go. And that's those are the those are the questions that I wanted to ask you and I thank you. I thank you for my heart for opening up and telling your story questions.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3547.77,3564.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/291","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I mean, any anything. I mean, there's a lot of other things never brought to life how you survived and all what you did to survive and how many times you went to Auschwitz. I've been to Auschwitz. When when Doctor Mengele is still looking for that guy. I seen him four times.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3564.47,3581.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/292","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Is that right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3581.87,3583.04"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/293","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e You ever heard of him? Did you?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3583.91,3584.84"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/294","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Of course. You saw him four times I was there.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3584.87,3587.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/295","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I was there when he went through the quarantine and sent the people out to the other side. I was in it one time. I was. That's a whole story about it. It's not. It's morally just escape four times in death. Really dead. Just just lucky. It just the willpower. I don't know. I don't even know how to come back from a small. I was just a just a little kid. And just when it comes to fighting for life, I just didn't want to give it to them. The Germans. I stood up against even the same. In the ghetto happened. A German took a gun and put the white hat. Because in the same thing, when they're trying to, uh, liquidate that synagogue, they burned it.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3588.41,3631.11"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/296","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e There was, uh. Uh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3631.89,3635.7"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/297","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Saboteurs. You know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3637.71,3638.76"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/298","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Saboteurs. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3639.18,3640.32"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/299","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e And, uh, see, I was living in that place in that house with it. And they put a seal on it. Uh, some of the friends we went in.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3640.59,3649.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/300","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e At night and took him out to the windows. And then later on, uh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3649.05,3655.65"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/301","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e The German Gestapo man and captain playing in the yard, I mean, walking around the yard and asking me who, uh, who was inside the back on the windowsill walking up and uh, and uh, disappeared. Some, some of the, some of the people didn't even know what was exactly why they all just disappeared. And I said, and he took out a gun and put it to my head. And I said, I haven't seen anything and just you can't, haven't come at night. Some people came and I didn't even know, for I know it was sealed where I knew about it. But they didn't even tell him. Some of them probably buried this cyberterrorist, you know, because they know they're going to go in that synagogue. They had some big cyberterrorists over 500 years old for them. They meant everything for some of these people. And later on they burned their thing. We had to move it away.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3656.31,3708.86"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/302","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e And but this was in Lodge.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3708.89,3710.48"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/303","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e It's a lodge in here. And a couple other times when I escaped to Warsaw, I was robbed by one of their officers.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3710.51,3721.04"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/304","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e It took everything you had.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3722.82,3723.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/305","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Everything. I had this, uh. This is. And then in the last minute. This was the most important thing in my life. In the last day of deliberation. The day. Deliberation. Deliberation. Day. Yes. I almost died. It just it just, uh. German owned. They took us to the boxcars to take us out of that camp. This was when Berlin was already surrounded the city for American troops. At night, they put us in. In the morning, they took us out to stand. To stand all attention so they can see what we are. But. And one of the German dogs. I don't know what happened. I think he said, you dog, you you you human. You man, grab that dog. I was the dog and he was human then. So he just put one foot and I was laying down. I was going to tear me up? This was one hour before the liberation. Imagine that. Unbelievable. An hour later, I was laid down and he called him back. And an hour later, the camp was liberated. That camp. We didn't even know about it. And I was watching a friend. A good friend from school. He was dying. Actually, I could. I was the only strong one I could get out, and I was. This was the best friend. I went to school with that kid. Well, we were all kids so far. A boy or a man. And when I wanted to survive badly. And when American companies come in, and they. They took that man. The first thing in the hospital. The first day. The first night. I mean, it's when I walked out in the highway. Well, you cry and the Polish people and all that thing, they start taking guns. And, you know, these people didn't do that. Just, you know, don't go out and murder them. Well, they right away, they did That what you call took, you know.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3723.87,3843.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/306","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Took a life.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3843.27,3843.9"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/307","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e  Yeah. They could. That was a boy. I said I was concerned when I'm going to go find my family if I can get. So they say it took me to the hospital to feed me. They feed you just like the baby food, you know, like all those things. You just get your stomach normalized. So it was a couple of weeks, and they eat that thing, and I just. I couldn't just like what you call, uh, what you hear is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3843.93,3868.74"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/308","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Mushy, mushy, mushy.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3868.95,3870.42"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/309","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Stomach. Yet because some of them died because they started eating too much and too fast, and they try and they start giving the winners, some of them and their friend died. As a matter of fact, I took him to the hospital. He did after the war.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3870.69,3886.17"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/310","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e But this was in Germany then.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3887.31,3888.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/311","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e This was in Germany. And we were liberated after the liberation. And I watched that boy. And after he died, I didn't have no didn't no faith to stay in that hospital. So I got off. I told her, I told her I went over there and I told them we were not going to stay. We were going to go away and we would take us anyplace. So they took us to try to take us back to Portland. I said, we don't go back to Portland. I got nothing there. I know what's there and I'm not going back. I stay. So I started shifting around, back and forth. And we went. Until we got settled to start looking for the family. They start looking for the two sisters is there. I know I started looking for the other families too, when the cousins and all that thing and my aunt said.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3888.81,3934.1"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/312","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e And you didn't find anybody?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3934.22,3935.84"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/313","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e No, nobody. I found one cousin. After. Later, I found him. He wrote me a letter. He was liberated and one of the camps. I didn't know what happened to him. He went to Israel, to one cousin and to Israel. He. He. He It was during the 48 war, and then after he went back to Germany for some reason, and he wrote me Germany papers, that I was supposed to sign, a paper, that he was in a prison camp and all that thing, I suppose for the money they couldn't verify it. So in that day I didn't know what happened, you know. He stayed in Germany or not? I asked my cousin. I got a cousin. My. My mother's a doctor. She's a doctor. And she's he's a doctor and she's a school principal. And she said she heard from him, but she could not trace him back for years. For some reason. I don't know why. So I don't know. And I wrote a couple of times to her. See, one time I went to visit him. I lived in Willimantic, Connecticut, and I had a cousin in new Jersey. He's a businessman.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3935.87,4007.91"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/314","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_UU:\u003c/strong\u003e He got a chain of stores. Very fine.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4007.94,4013.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/315","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Very nice people. The other son is adopted.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4013.57,4016.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/316","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S4:\u003c/strong\u003e I see. I wish I would have stayed there sometimes. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4020.41,4023.41"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/317","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Just now I said I should get more connection with him. I don't. I don't know why I love you. Still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4023.5,4029.74"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/318","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e can. Yeah, I still can.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4029.77,4031.18"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/319","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e My. My son is a matter of fact. I have a lot of time by myself.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4031.21,4035.95"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/transcript/87314/annotation/320","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Well, I think it's nice to talk to you. We have some a few papers to fill out, so I'll. I'll close it. I'll show you what they are after I do this. Yeah. Okay. Actually.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=4037.75,4050.08"}]},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Auto-generated Index (2024-09-06 02:52:39) [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/321","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction to the Interview","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=0.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/322","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interview begins with Ruth Kaminsky introducing herself and Meyer Schneiderman, setting the context for the oral history project being conducted for the Des Moines Oral History Project. The date is April 9th, 1981, and they are recording the first side of the first tape.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=0.0,56.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/323","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Life and Family Background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=56.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/324","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker was born in Lodz, Poland, and provides the names of his parents. He describes his family, including his twin sister, and the occupation of his parents who were textile weavers. The speaker also touches on the size of his family and their work in a big factory specializing in cotton fabrics.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=56.0,166.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/325","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Jewish Life and Education","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=166.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/326","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker reflects on the Jewish life in his community, noting that it was rooted in generations of Orthodox Judaism. He discusses the modernization of religious observance in his family compared to his grandparents and details his education, which included primary school and technical school where he trained as a cabinetmaker.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=166.0,420.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/327","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experiences During the Holocaust","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=420.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/328","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker recounts the outbreak of World War II and the subsequent occupation of his town by German forces. He describes being caught in the Lodz ghetto, attempts to escape, and the conditions within the ghetto, including the death of his parents and the forced labor imposed by the Germans.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=420.0,471.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/329","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation and Aftermath","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=471.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/330","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker discusses the liquidation of the Lodz ghetto and his deportation to Auschwitz at the age of 17. He details the selection process at the camp, the work he was forced to do, including cleaning the crematoriums, and the eventual liberation by American troops. Following liberation, he embarked on a search for his family members.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=471.0,1355.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/331","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Post-War Life and Immigration to the United States","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1355.0,1691.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/332","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker talks about the fate of his sisters during the war, his marriage to a woman he knew from before the war, and their decision to immigrate to the United States under the Displaced Persons Act. He describes the process of settling in Des Moines and the assistance they received from the community and family.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1355.0,1691.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/333","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Settling in Des Moines and Challenges Faced","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1691.0,2084.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/334","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Upon arriving in Des Moines, the speaker found the people to be friendly and was eager to find work and a place to live. He describes his first job, the help he received from the community, and the challenges he faced, including language barriers and health issues stemming from his wartime experiences.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=1691.0,2084.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/335","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship with Children and Community","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2084.0,2458.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/336","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker has shared his experiences of the Holocaust with his children, although he notes that it was difficult for them to fully grasp the magnitude of the events. He reflects on the impact of his experiences on his children and expresses dissatisfaction with the Jewish community's division and lack of unity, which he believes contributed to issues such as intermarriage.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2084.0,2458.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/337","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Interactions with Non-Jewish Americans and Reflections on the Shoah","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2458.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/338","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker has attempted to share his Holocaust experiences with non-Jewish Americans, but finds that while some express sympathy, there is a general lack of understanding. He reflects on the global silence during the Holocaust and the absence of a Jewish state to advocate for the victims.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2458.0,2809.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/339","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Relationship with America and Americans","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2809.0,3007.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/340","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker discusses his relationships with American-born Jews, noting that it varies depending on their upbringing and interest in Jewish life. He also shares his experiences with anti-Semitism in the workplace and his assertive responses to such incidents.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=2809.0,3007.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/341","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Feelings Towards Germans and Europeans Post-War","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3007.0,3279.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/342","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker expresses his distrust of Germans after the war, despite their attempts to be nice to Holocaust survivors. He discusses the change in perception of Jews by Germans post-war and his refusal to accept their overtures, emphasizing his desire to leave Germany as soon as possible.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3007.0,3279.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/343","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Restitution Payments and Thoughts on Israel","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3279.0,4066.73075"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990/index/90261/annotation/344","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker initially did not want restitution payments from Germany, feeling that no amount could compensate for the suffering endured. However, his views have evolved, and he now accepts the payments. He has not visited Israel but supports the country and hopes to visit someday, acknowledging that his decision to stay in the United States was influenced by his family's needs.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163708/file/297990#t=3279.0,4066.73075"}]}]}]}