{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/jd4pk0918d/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["1996 1-02 Herb Plambeck-Digitized 2-15-18 [Enhanced]"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Herb Plambeck","Jordan Boo"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["1996-01-03"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["WHO Radio farm broadcaster Herb Plambeck recalls how he finagled becoming a war correspondent and followed the 3rd and 7th Armies. The morning after the Rainbow Division liberated Dachau, Plambeck and other correspondents viewed the camp. He describes his experiences and what he saw. When peace was declared he and 4 other correspondents broke into Kehlsteinhaus, Hitler's Eagle's Nest retreat. He tells about being in a group to interview Hermann Goering though Goering did not want to answer some of the questions."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["7th Army","Liberation","Concentration Camp Barracks","Walter Cronkite","Concentration Camps","Jack Shelley","Colonel Edward Burr","Kelhsteinhaus","WHO-Radio","Louis Lochner","Refugees","St. Paul Dispatch","Jack Fleister","Hitler's Eagle Nest","United Press International","Schweinfurt (German Factory)","Crematorium","Associated Press","8th Air Force","War Correspondent","International News Service","Bill Bath","Gas Chambers","Waler Ridder","Hermann Goering","Dachau Concentration Camp","General George Patton","Sid Olsen","3rd Army"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["TheirStory"]}}],"summary":{"en":["WHO Radio farm broadcaster Herb Plambeck recalls how he finagled becoming a war correspondent and followed the 3rd and 7th Armies. The morning after the Rainbow Division liberated Dachau, Plambeck and other correspondents viewed the camp. He describes his experiences and what he saw. When peace was declared he and 4 other correspondents broke into Kehlsteinhaus, Hitler's Eagle's Nest retreat. He tells about being in a group to interview Hermann Goering though Goering did not want to answer some of the questions."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/297/974/small/open-uri20251201-428871-4xt6h5_1764603103.jpg?1764603104","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20251201-428871-4xt6h5.mp4"]},"duration":7374.44267,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/297/974/small/open-uri20251201-428871-4xt6h5_1764603103.jpg?1764603104","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-jewishdesmoines.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/297/974/original/open-uri20251201-428871-4xt6h5.mp4?1764603100","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":7374.44267,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["TheirStory Transcript (Paragraphs with Speakers) [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Today is January 2nd, 1996. My name is Jordan Bookey. J d a b o o k e y. And I'm conducting an interview with um with Mr. Herb Plambeck and we are in Des Moines, Iowa, 2909 woodland. Could","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=14.4,41.32"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e we drop the Mr.. Ask","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=41.32,61.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e yourself. However you want to sit and just tell me when. Okay. Okay. Um, would you like to just spell your name out for me, please? For","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=61.49,78.01"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you? Well, it's Herb Klein. Bek spelled p l a m b e c k. Thank","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=78.01,85.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e you. And where were you born? I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=85.05,87.45"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e was born at Davenport, Iowa. Mhm. And? And you want to know when I presume? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=87.45,93.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=94.17,94.41"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e actually. And this will surprise you a little bit. I've only had 21 birthdays. Uh, next February I will have my 22nd birthday. But actually the year I was born was 1908. So it was way back in February 29th, February 29th, shortly before midnight and my mother said, oh, doctor, he wants a birthday every year. Little did she know that I want a birthday every year. But at the beginning, I guess it was all right. So when. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=94.45,129.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e celebrate. It.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=129.419,130.1"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, always on the leap year. I celebrated on the 29th of February, but March 1st normally. Okay. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=130.38,141.1"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e during World War two, what exactly were you doing? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=141.34,146.94"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e World War two, if you want me to know. You want to know the the whole story. I'll try and make it brief. But in World War Two, all of my brother in laws and most of my friends were in the service and I wanted to get into. And they turned me down. Seven times I tried. I had a little spot in one of my lungs that had been put there by a tuberculin cow, and they said, if If you happen to be on a ship that got hit in the North Sea and you went down, you wouldn't last five minutes. And I told him neither would anybody else. But nevertheless, I couldn't be in. But one day, in about the early part of 1943, uh, fraternity brother of mine who was stationed in England, who was working there with their government, came over to visit. He called me, uh, would you like to have lunch? And I. Oh, yes. Anytime somebody like that wants lunch with me, I'm ready. I was in the radio work at the time, so I guess he had an interest that way. And, uh, we hadn't even started the lunch yet. And I started to pour out my sad heart that I had not been able to get into the service. And I envied everybody that was in, which was kind of a foolish statement. But anyway, to make a long story short, again he said, you mean to tell me you want to get into this, and I won't use the words war. And I said, yes, I do. He sat back for a minute and finally came forward and said, well, you must be crazy, and I can't get you into the war, but I can get you to where the war is at. And I said, how and when? He was as good as his word in about six weeks. I was know in about two weeks. I was invited by a government group to be one of six US editors to go across to England and observe Britain under fire, and that was quite an experience because we went over in a flying boat the first time I'd ever gone into one of those, and we barely made it because two of the engines went out before we landed. But we landed. And when I got there, to my surprise, the BBC heard about it and they said, look, we would like to have you do a series of programmes about what you observe here in Britain during this terrible time. Well, a part of it, of course, was the bombing and the other troubles that they were enduring. But mainly it was their agriculture. In a sense, I'm an agricultural man. They sent me to every one of their counties, which are called shires, over there. And I went to every one of them, 31 of them. And each week I'd go out on Mondays, and I'd come back on Thursdays. And on Friday they'd brief me for an all day long. And then on Saturdays we did the broadcast, which was sent over here to the United States. It was a fabulous thing as far as I was concerned, because they were the people who I was then working for. And the programmes apparently were very interesting because everybody's mind was on the war and what was happening. And when you were over there, it made it all the more important. So that's how I got there. But while I was there, a couple of days after I was there, I wanted to go to the headquarters. That's called Supreme Shaef was what it's called Supreme headquarters of the American Expeditionary Forces. And, uh, they assigned me a man whose name was Walter Cronkite. I cannot prove that he was the man, but he surely acted and looked exactly like the one that you saw in the air for years. And he took me around, and he showed me the different things. And all of a sudden, along comes another fellow in uniform who's wearing on his shoulder or on his sleeve here, war correspondent. And I said to Cronkite, what's that? Oh, he said, he's a workhorse. What's a workhorse? Oh, he's a fellow that reports to his home paper or his home radio station or whatever about what he observes here. And my next question was, how do you become a war correspondent? Oh, he said, it's easy. I think he said, all you do is apply. And if your boss says it's okay, you're a war correspondent. I said, no physical. He said no, no physical. And I became a war correspondent. And then I was with the Eighth Air Force for a part of the time. I flew in bombers and things like that. It was a fascinating experience and why and how it happened. I don't know, but it happened and it was a wonderful way. Now, that was the beginning. I came home after seven weeks over there. Eight weeks, I guess it was. And on BBC. England.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=146.98,452.51"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Still","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=452.75,452.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e in England on BBC every week and broadcasting to the United States. And eventually they had a bunch of stations listening to me, not just when I came home and I was in uniform. The folks all around the state just wanted. They were hungry, eager, anxious to hear whatever anybody had to say, including me. And I was on a speaking circuit. I remember one week, one week that I spoke breakfast noon and evening, three times that week and a two week period. I remember distinctly that I did 15 different speeches. This was, you know, my part, my contribution. Well, then in time, Jack Shelley went over as a war correspondent to World War two, the European Theater, and he was in a pretty heavy part of it. He was in the battle of the bulge and the the minute that was over, the station wanted him back so he could report on that. And they sent me right over. Uh, I was to take his place, which of course, I was glad to do. But by that time the battle of the bulge was over, which was really the last of the terrible conflicts that they had. And uh, uh, from there on out, it was faster moving. I was attached to General Patton's Third Army. It was quite the army. It was moving very rapidly. They had tanks, uh, tank drivers who could travel up to 45 miles in a day into the enemy territory. And we followed them. We correspondents followed them. And then we had to come back to the press camp and imagine that we had to come back to the press camp and do our stories, our broadcasts, or whatever we were doing. And in the meantime, while we went back and rested here, they started out again the next morning. So you mentioned it was pretty rugged. It was not easy, but we did it and I'm glad we could do it. And the Third Army was moving fast. It was highly recognized because General Patton was considered a quite a famous general. Personally, I wasn't very happy with him because he just didn't know how to speak in a normal language. He had to put in swear words every other word. But that was his business. But we reported to him every night in his press camp, and one of the things that aggravated us so badly, we'd been out all day in the dust and the dirt and mud, whatever it was. And when he when, when he had his press conference, he expected us to have our boots shined. That was a little much, but we had to put up with it. And then when we got to the Rhine, a friend of mine who was from Des Moines woke me up, uh, where we were at the time. He says, herb, we're going over tonight. I said what? And he said yes tonight. And I can get you there. And he got me there on a on a vehicle. I think it was a half track, I know. I looked up at the stars, and I saw the moon and the other stars that I recognized. You know, they were just like the stars we have here at home. Just the same, same thing. I said, oh, gee, in a few hours, the folks back home, my wife and others will see those stars. And I can see them tonight. And I remembered that. And we got up to the Rhine, and there was a unit about to go over. We had half tracks. No, no, no landing crafts, landing crafts that crossed the Rhine River. And I got on one of them with the troops and I saw another correspondent. His name was Bill ball. He was with the Associated Press and he was right up to the front. I said, that's I'm not going to let that happen. And I wedged my way in right ahead of it so that when the landing craft opened up onto the shore. The eastern shore of the Rhine, I would be the first one to report from it. So that's kind of an aside, actually. It wasn't too bad a crossing. We they were we were shot at, but nothing serious. And no one that I know of was hit. And we started writing and then they moved even faster. But General Patton made a statement at that time. He said, uh, the Third Army is going to be the first, the very first one to get into Berlin. And all of the important newsmen, the war correspondents from the New York Times, San Francisco Chronicle, all of the big papers And radio stations. They wanted to be in on Berlin with General Patton. But there's only so much room in a camp for war correspondents. You can only accommodate so many. So what happened? Of course I had to leave, and I, I mean, I was told my my tenure with the Third Army was over and I could go to the seventh if I wanted to. We went to the seventh, which was then in southern Bavaria, and that turned out to be one of the most unusual breaks anyone could have, because eyes, and I should say Patton was stopped by Eisenhower before he could get into Berlin because for some reason, political, I suppose there were the Russians were to get in there first and then then our first army was to get in next. So Patton had to go on down. He went down to Czechoslovakia and all that sort of thing, but nothing really important anymore. Whereas those we second rate correspondents got down with the seventh Army, and that's where the action was. That's where the Nazis were still fairly strong. And they were really we had quite a time with them. And uh, uh, I think that perhaps because you may want to know what happened when I was down there. Let me explain what happened first. I was assigned to a Jeep driver. He was from North Dakota, and he had borrowed $40 from me sometime ago. And by the way, he hasn't paid that back yet. Uh, and, uh, they assigned him to me. He was supposed to be a pretty good Jeep driver, but it turned out that the first thing that happened after about a day out, we got behind enemy lines. And that is not a comfortable feeling. That is not a comfortable feeling. So we just, uh, we just laid, uh, hid out during the day, and then we traveled at night. And eventually our rations ran out or were running out. Our gas was running out. And that's the terrible thing. What are you going to do now when your gas is running out? Sure, we had tanks, but we used them all up and over in the distance. I saw some an encampment and I said, well, the driver, I said, we have no choice. We've got to go in there. If it's the Nazis, I'm going to become a major and you're going to be a prisoner of war. And just like I am. And if it isn't the Nazis, it may be the Russians, it may be some other outfit. Let's go in and try it. We went in or we got up there. My my driver stayed back. I don't know, maybe he'd have run away with the Jeep if he'd had to, but I, uh, I walked in and as I was walking in, I saw an officer come. And it wasn't a Nazi. Boy, was that a relief. So when I got up to him, I saluted him, of course. And, uh, there was no way in the world we could even understand one word. Now, I do speak German, but, uh, that didn't do any good. So obviously it was a Russian outfit that had come in from from the east somewhere. And, uh, somehow or another, by rubbing our stomachs or whatever we did, we were thirsty and we were hungry and we had no gas, and and they understood. And the food they gave us is the worst food I've ever eaten in my life. But believe me, it was. It was prepared in a big iron kettle. It was about three feet across at the top and it had a had fire going under It was soup is what it was. Terrible soup. But boy, we we were willing to eat it. And we did. And they gave us gas. Then we started out. And then the funniest thing that could ever happen, I guess, happened that soon after we started out, we now had the directions to the seventh Army headquarters, and we knew we were going to make it. We they even gave us maps. But when we came to a certain hill, I said to the driver, I said, I don't know, but this one town they were talking about, it's got to be in this area somewhere, and I'll bet it's on the other side of this hill. And sure enough, it was. But when we got to the top of the hill, I saw the most beautiful sight a person could see under those circumstances. And that was white flags coming out of every window and children waving white flags on the street, children. Oh, what a relief. They were ready to give up. That was obvious. So we drove down the hill and I saw the burgomeister in his top hat and black top stovepipe hat and a long black frock and tie like this, standing there by guns that had been piled up about four feet high. And I looked at my driver, and he looked at me and said, what are we going to do now? So we approached him and I stood up in the jeep and had my uniform on, of course, and I saluted him and he saluted back. And then I happened to think, this guy doesn't know English, but I can speak German. So I said to him, how can angst. Z? Z. Common bulk flink of a VM mustn't gain. Which means have no fear. Our army officers are coming quickly. But we must go on. That's what it amounted to. And he stood there. I think he was planning to make a presentation to me. And probably, you know, signed surrender papers or whatever. I think he's still standing there because we left. The same thing happened in another town before we got to the to the seventh Army headquarters. Now you go ahead. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=452.99,1134.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e soon you got back to the seventh Army headquarters. Where did you continue from there? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=1134.28,1139.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e first of all, I found two correspondents there that were another very fortunate break. One of them was Louis Lochner, who had been 25 years in Germany as the Associated Press correspondent, could speak German very fluently, knew every nook and cranny in that country, knew everything about the Nazi regime and how it came into being and what it had tried to do, and Hitler. He knew it all. So that was a tremendous break to get familiar with him. And he was older than I was, and he felt sorry for me. So he said, you want to travel with me? And I said, I sure do. And then another fella was, uh, Olson was his name, uh, can't come up with his first name right now. Sid Olson, Sid Olson was his name. And Sid was with the, uh, uh, with the time Time magazine. Time magazine. And he was pretty sharp. Too much sharper than I was because he'd been in the war longer and the three of us worked together so well. Lots of things happened there. We we went out from the press camp with the troops. It was not as serious as it had been earlier. There were some times when it was a little scary, but, uh. And then we come back and report our stories and do the same thing, and we. And again, I was so lucky. I guess I was the luckiest correspondent in the whole war, because the time that the important people down there had to do their broadcast was the worst time to transmit broadcasts from down there in southern Germany to the United States. The atmospheric conditions and so forth. But when I had a chance to be on, it would be two hours later and the atmospheric conditions were much better, and I got out of the 90, I think it was 96 broadcasts. I got, uh, 92 of them through, which is a pretty good record. It's a pretty good record. Uh, well, uh, do you want me to carry on here? Sure. Well, there were many things that transpired down there. I remember going out in the woods with with a troop. It was kind of funny. And there was a fella from northern Iowa who was, I guess he was a major. Whatever. He was in charge of that bunch of troops, and they had been there for a while, and the Nazis had been there ahead of them. And the Nazis apparently had dug a hole or found a hole. And in it was a catch of brandy and beer and wine and things like that. And this fellow had found it, and he just wished he could spend the rest of his life there, I guess. He didn't, but he was really enjoying that. And and it was rather interesting to be in there. And I met a Colonel Edward Byrd from Des Moines who had been in the war all through the war. He'd been in North Africa, to Italy. Been wounded, but he was a colonel, and he took me under his wing, and we'd go through towns that had already surrendered. But there were still snipers in these towns. And he kind of took me by the hand, so to speak, and we we went around to see the things we wanted to see. But he knew how he could be under ledges and otherwise otherwise be fairly safe. Nothing wrong. Nothing untoward happened. Although they were shooting, the snipers were still there. And that was kind of interesting because I knew this man. Incidentally, I should tell you one more thing. Among other things, while I was there, I spent some time where I found the 11th evacuation unit, and that's a hospital unit. And I don't know how much you know about the war, but there are the, uh, the medics who are. They've got quite a job. They're the ones that go out and pick up the people who are wounded and the dead too. And they take them to what are called evacuation hospitals. These are on the front. And these hospitals have nurses, and they have corpsman. And I found one hospital, the 11th evac hospital. One of their hospitals had six Iowa men in it, six Iowa men. Now, there's a story for you. When you're a correspondent, you got your job really is to report on Iowa people. And you find six of them. All of a sudden that was that was a tremendous break. And then I got acquainted, of course, with the whole operation, the nurses and everything. One thing I remember real, real well, I had been with a unit and I can't recall who it was. Oh, yes, I know it's coming to me now. It's coming to me now. We were told when Schweinfurt, which was a great, important city in the German, in the Nazi, uh, war materials, it was a ball bearings. They they manufactured ball bearings there, and our bombers would come over there. And every once in a while they'd climb. And we learned when there was going to be a bombing raid, the hour of the time, everything. And so another fellow and I got into a Jeep and we searched around and sure enough, we found a church with a high steeple, and I, I went up into it and I actually saw, I actually saw the bombers come over Schweinfurt and drop there. It was about 70 or 80 of them. It was a heavy Harry Reid and the town, of course, just it seemed as though the whole town was going up in smoke. It wasn't, but that's the way it looked. And all of a sudden we saw one of the messerschmitts headed our way. Now why they wanted to hit a church steeple, I don't know, but it looked as though they were headed for us. And I think they actually were. Boy, when we saw that, we went down. It took us less than a fraction of a second to get down. And I hid under a. I hid under a halftrack. I guess it was. Anyway. There was stuff over me, and I heard the the bullets coming out of the, the plane, and they were hitting the church and hitting this thing that I was on. It was kind of close. And as as when it was over, I slipped out. And what do I see? I see a woman correspondent Leisurely coming off the church, which gave me and the other fellow a pretty good idea what cowards we were and where she was. She wasn't the least bit concerned. It was sort of funny. But then the next thing, I went to a nearby town and it was pretty close to the Nazi lines, and there was a fellow there with an observer. He had his he had his binoculars and he was watching. And so I kind of slipped up toward him. He said, you want to look? I said, sure. So I took the binoculars and sure enough, they were there. Their gray uniforms, you could see them. And this fellow said to me, I don't think you should be here any longer, and handed back the binoculars, and I left. And the very next morning I went to the 11th evacuation hospital. And here was this red haired G.I.. This soldier with the binoculars, the observer laying in a bed with his arm pretty badly shot him. And he saw me, and he signaled with his right hand. I came over and he said, you're the guy that was with me yesterday, weren't you? And I said, yeah, I guess I was. He said, I'm glad you left when you did. He says, I got this about five minutes after you left. And if I'd have been there, you know, I can't tell. I may have been right in the line of fire, so I was lucky again. That's the 11th evacuation hospital story that I like to tell, because those hospital people really had a job on their hands. Incidentally, that is the night that, uh, One night I was at the hospital, and that's the night that President Roosevelt died. And I got the word, and I rushed back to the. I was sort of a little bit of a hustle hotel to tell my buddy another correspondent about it, and he was so mad that he hadn't got the word first. He was so mad. I can't tell you what he said, but he this was quite a story. And so, of course, the thing to do was to go out and check with the troops. Their reaction. The president of the United States has died. The commander in chief is gone. And well, again, I mustn't dwell on this, but we did get a pretty good story. All of the guys either liked him or didn't like him or whatever the case was. We got a story back. Well, then you want me to tell you about the two big things that happened while I was with the seventh Army. Yeah, well, on April the 29th, we'd been out with the troops. Uh lockner. Olson and I had been out with the troops, and we came in for the late afternoon or evening press conference, and the announcement was made at that press conference that Dachau, which was the original of Hitler's horrendous, terrible concentration camps where they conducted experiments, medical experiments on the prisoners, Jewish people who had been imprisoned, enslaved, put into concentration camps. Thousands of them. And we learned that that evening. Well, there's no point in going there during the night. That would not have been very smart. But we made up our minds that next morning we were going to take an early, early, early ride to Dachau, which we did. We had a Jeep driver and he took us there. On the way, incidentally, we had to duck around surrendering German troops. Nazis were surrendering by the thousands and they were walking four abreast, sometimes six abreast on the highway. And they didn't always give us room, but we got along all right. And when we got there. Now, do you want me to be frank with you on the story? What we saw? Yes. All right. Now. Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=1140.0,1850.57"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e were you were you with the other troops when you came? No.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=1850.61,1854.25"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e When we came to the marshaling yards. Outside of where the concentration camp was. Um, Olson and Lochner were with me. And what we saw first and I. I'm going to report to you what we saw because you said it would be all right. What we saw first was what I call a trainload of death. 39 boxcars, open boxcars. The top was open in every boxcar. Were anywheres from. 40 to 50 or more bodies of. Jewish people who had been imprisoned somewhere else. And the war had been coming closer. And so whoever the commandant, the commandant was or the German army took those people from Auschwitz or wherever they were. I don't know where they were, but it was from somewhere else. Put them in these boxcars without food, without any protective clothing. And this was winter. And winter can be pretty severe. And by the time that those 39 boxcars. This train of death arrived at Dachau, all but one of these poor, emaciated, starved, frozen people were dead. And there they lay in boxcars, their bodies twisted around, and some of them were actually naked or half naked. Some of them had some dirty filth street clothing on them. and their faces, their faces, the hollowness of their, of their cheeks, their arms like arms. Their legs too. Uh, I had a camera and I took a picture, which is in one of my books, a picture of what we saw and what the camera saw. And I took the picture and I could not look anymore. I it was it was just so unbelievable what had happened. As for this one man, and this is a cruel stroke of irony, he was rescued by one of our troops, by one of our units and about a couple of troops, and they rushed him onto an ambulance and rushed him to the nearest hospital and had an accident on the way. And he was killed in that accident. The only man who survived that terrible, terrible trip. Well, okay. We have seen this train of death. And we were. Excuse me. I'm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=1854.29,2043.73"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e just going to ask you how. How what you saw when you got there. I mean, both immediately. And how did it compare to what you had known before? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2043.73,2051.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e well, I had known nothing like this. In fact, to this day, it haunts me. What I saw there not only the train of death, but what I saw immediately thereafter. And I'll get to that. We left the train. The the the concentration camp was surrounded by a moat, that is water along it. And then inside there were some streams. And as we got. Oh, by the way, there was a colonel and 2 or 3 troops that joined us or we joined them. I guess it was. And we found a way that we could get in, and we got inside the stone walls that were high stone walls. But we got inside through an entrance. And there I saw 26 of the Nazi guards, the people who were supposed to guard the Dachau concentration camp, who had been attacked by the people as they were being liberated, who picked up clubs, stones, whatever they could get their hands on. And they got these guys, and these were the ones, the survivors who had physical strength left, and they got these guys and they pummeled them. And not one of those heads or faces could possibly be recognized. It was it was worse than mincemeat. It was a terrible sight. And as I've said before, there were streams running, little streams running inside this camp place. And I actually have seen a stream run red with blood. This is an actual statement that I stand behind. Then the next thing that happened is that, uh, these these this colonel realized that there might be a little danger for us to get in there, because these inmates who had just been liberated were half crazed or were just not really normal. And some of them were crazed. And so he formed what he called what was called a v wedge. That's where you have 6 or 7, uh, soldiers on this side with their bayonets, and they form a V bayonets, bayonets on this side. And that was a protection for us. Three correspondents inside that V wedge. But the inmates, they just went around and went in from the back, and they came in and they hugged us and they kissed us, and they climbed over us, and they were filthy and they were diseased and they were. It was a it was a hideous, hideous thing. And I'll tell you, by the time they pulled the troops, pulled those guys off, we had just about had it. Not that we were physically hurt. It's just a feeling that so helpless because we could have been we could have been wiped out right there. The three of us. And then they took us. These troops took us to, uh, the I would call it a holding building. And we. No, no, that's not right. First we went to the, uh, to the furnaces. There were eight furnaces, and some of them were still warm. And that was, uh, that was a pretty sobering experience, by the way. The the the the place, the furnace. I can't think of the name of it. There's a name for it. I can't think of it right now. It was very clean, very clean. This is where they brought the living people in. The Jewish people. These were the ones that were heavily concentrated at Dachau. Brought them in and had them all together. And then they turned the gas jets on. They were killed. And then, of course, they were put into the furnaces. And I understand, although I can't prove this, but I saw lots of little boxes that had been placed at the wherever the ashes come out. And I understand that they were boxing them up and were going to send them to the victims families. I can't prove that, but that's what I was told. We left the furnaces and we went to what is a large holding room, and I happened to be the first one in the line. There were there were 5 or 6 of us by now. And I saw the door. It was a big, heavy door. It was like a refrigerator door. And I opened it up, And when I opened it up, the stench that came out of that room was so heavy that I think it backed me up at least six feet, and the others as well. It was just overpowering. But we did look in, and what we saw there was bodies of the gassed victims who had been taken from the furnace room or were ready to be taken to the furnace room, ready to be taken to the furnace room after they had, uh, gone through the gas chambers. That's what I was trying to say before the gas chamber and before they were taken to the furnace, and they were stacked up like cordwood. 8 or 10 bodies high, one stack after the other. After that, we said we ought to. We ought to see what's happened in the barracks. And we learned that had there had been 33,000 prisoners at the maximum there, how many of them were left? But it was a great many of them, because we went into the barracks, and you have no idea how big this concentration camp was. There was one building after another, one barracks after another. What? What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2051.85,2389.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e did they look like? The buildings. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2389.64,2391.92"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e they were constructed so that there could be, you know, blankets laid on the floor. And the inmates, the prisoners would lie there one against the other, probably one building after another. And, uh, when we got in there, most of them were gone, because when they got liberated, those people started fanning out just as quickly as they could. Some of them were I don't know what happened to them, but that's what happened to those people. But there were still some there who didn't have the strength, didn't have the strength to escape and not weren't it wasn't possible for them to get on their legs and start out. And I remember one in particular, and I have no idea who he was or what he was, but he got on his elbow as we were coming through there. He got on his elbow and I could see that he was begging for a cigarette. I don't smoke, but one of my buddies had a package of cigarettes and gave him a cigarette, lit it for him, and he puffed away on it a little bit, and then his elbow gave out and he dropped down. And for him liberation had come too late. And that was true of a good many others in there, of course. How","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2392.36,2469.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e many would you say were in the camp when you arrived? Living? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2469.49,2473.69"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e it was still thousands, but it was not 30,000 because the 42nd Division, that's the Rainbow Division, that's American Division and the 45th Division, which is the, uh. Well, whatever it is, it's come to me in a minute. It's a bird. Uh, that those two divisions had been in ahead of us to liberate the place. And the minute after liberation, the minute after they were free, after the gates were opened, after they killed these guards, they started going wherever they wanted to go. But there were still a good many in the camp. They were. They were all around. Many of them were just totally bewildered. They they didn't know where they were going. They didn't know what they were going to do. Of course, you can imagine that all were emaciated. All had suffered from starvation and disease and other things. And those people who no longer had the strength to escape. Of course, there were hundreds of those still in the barracks. How","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2474.13,2544.54"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e old would you say? The majority of the population. Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2544.54,2548.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e well, they were there were people who were in the prime of life, and there were older people there. A good many of them were older people. Mustaches, beards. Uh, I never thought of that, but I expect they ranged all the way from. Teenagers. There were some young people in there, but they were mostly already gone by the time we were there. There were some young people. I did not see any children. There may have been, I think the children had been, uh, taken to Auschwitz or some other concentration camp. So I can't prove that. But I cannot remember seeing one child there. But, uh, I'd say they ranged from 16 up to 60, maybe some of them older. Of course, the oldest ones could not survive very long. Well, that. Do you have any questions further about Dachau? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2548.26,2607.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e What was, um. Oh. Excuse me, what was the exact date that you were there? Uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2607.83,2612.51"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e it was April the 30th, 1945. That was the day that I was there. It was liberated the night before, the evening before, by the 42nd and 45th Army. Some of those troops were still there, but not many of them. So that's the date. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2612.75,2629.32"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e you were there for how long? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2629.32,2631.36"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e just we arrived about 8:00 in the morning, and I'm sure we must have left by 1:00, 2:00 at the latest, because after that we went into Munich. Munich, which was nearby. And Munich was the last major German city to be liberated. And we went in and as we went in to Munich, that is we war correspondents again. We saw the white flags everywhere. The people of Munich had given up that day, or maybe the day before, I don't know. Um,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2631.4,2667.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e a couple more questions about the camp. First, what exactly was the layout. Like you said, when you walked in, you saw the train and then how. Well","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2667.64,2675.05"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e the train was outside the camp. It was in what is called what are called marshaling yards. That's where there's lots of trains, lots of we saw only a few trains, and we saw only one that we really inspected. That was one I was telling you about. But the camp itself, somewhere, I've got a map of it and I just cannot give it to you right at this moment. It won't come to my mind, but it was huge. I think there must have been at least 30 barracks, 30 buildings, barracks. Just those to say nothing of the, uh, holding rooms that they had. I call them holding rooms. They were refrigerator rooms, supposedly. And, uh, the, uh, crematoria, the gas chamber, the crematorium, the the furnaces and all of the other stuff that was part of the Nazi troops that were, you know, governing the place, shooting the inmates. If anybody tried to escape, it was big. It was so big that I hesitate to give you an idea how big it was, but I'm sure it was quite a few acres. How","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2675.05,2750.86"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e many were most of the inmates that you saw? Were they men or women or a mixture? Mostly","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2750.86,2756.74"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e men. There were some women, but I would say what we saw and probably well, I expect we got into the men's barracks and they were all men there. Uh, I can't answer your question. I. We saw very, very few women there, and so I, I'm a little embarrassed. I don't know, I can't remember. I can't see, uh, I'm not an authority on that when. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2756.74,2786.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e know, when you very first saw everything, what was your immediate reaction? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2786.5,2792.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I think I my reaction as we left, uh, Lochner and Olson and I left together. We were we were speechless. We did not speak. And I know my reaction, I think, probably was true of them, too. My reaction was, how is it possible that human beings can do this to other human beings? The inhumanity of man to fellow men, fellow humans. This is this went through my mind and and I hardly knew how to start a story on that experience. Of course I did. Somewhere I've got that story, but I don't have it at hand. than, uh, that was my reaction, and I suppose it would be just about everyone else's. The memory of it still haunts me. Will. To the end of my life. Because you can't see a thing like that or go through a thing like that without it really hitting you hard. You.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2792.83,2867.2"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You said that, um, that you'd heard. Had you heard anything before about the camp? Oh, yes. Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2867.2,2874.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e it was well known. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2874.76,2875.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e what sort of things did the the troops and yourself? What did you all know about concentration camps? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2875.96,2881.2"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e we knew it was the original camp. We knew it was a camp where they conducted many experiments. We knew it was a large camp. Certainly. I had no idea it was that large a camp. Uh, we knew it had gone on for years. How","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2881.24,2896.84"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e long had you yourself known about it? I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2896.84,2899.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e really didn't know about it till I got over there. I really didn't know about when I was here, although it was known it was it was nationally and I should say internationally known as where a lot of the other camps that they were doing this to. Number one, the Jewish people, that was the ones they really wanted to eradicate. But they also had anyone who opposed Hitler. Anybody who didn't fall in line was subject to this kind of treatment. So there were lots of other people there besides the Jewish people. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2900.0,2932.62"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e it was well known among the troops what was actually going on in the camps. Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2932.62,2937.06"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e it was a goal that many commanders probably looked forward to liberating. It was a goal. And certainly the troops. I I'm an honorary member of the 42nd Division. I've been with them a long time, and I had a very close friend in the 42nd Division, and I found him once, and that was quite an experience. He was he was firing in a Schweinfurt at the time. He was with a with a cannon with a. That's not quite the right name for it, but he was he was pretty delighted to see me, believe me. It was quite a quite a thrill. But, uh, uh, I'm sure that it was probably the best known of all the concentration camps before the war. It was not the biggest. It was not the probably not even the worst, I don't know. I've been told that Auschwitz was even worse. And maybe it was. I wasn't there, but it was. I'm sure it was known it was close to Munich, only a well, not many miles or kilometers from Munich. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=2937.1,3006.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e it was in the town of. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3006.83,3010.55"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess there was a there must have been a town named Dachau or a suburb. Do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3010.59,3015.07"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e you know how close it was in proximity to the camp? Did you see that? No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3015.07,3020.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I don't know. When we went into this camp and we saw what we did, all we wanted to do was get out of there and get get our something cleared up. Do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3020.64,3033.32"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e you know where the where the prisoners were taken or where the inmates at the camps were taken afterwards? No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3033.32,3041.04"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e but they were liberated and I'm sure they were treated. You know, they were, uh. What do I want to say? They were gradually nursed back to health, uh, I presume, and I don't know, but I presume there were some camps by the allies, by our side, by the British, the French, the Germans, I mean the US. Whereas we had lots of camps. And I was in plenty of those, too, where the German prisoners were at that that was our business. We took care of them, but we treated them a whole, whole lot different than what they treated their prisoners. Our people went by the by the rules, shall I say? Uh, well, do you want me to tell you about our closing day of the war? That was kind of an unusual thing after the Dachau thing. Things really were just about over. We expected surrender any day, and we kind of prepared our stories ahead of time. Uh, but, uh, it didn't happen for a couple of days. As a matter of fact, it was over there. I guess it was maybe the sixth or seventh, but I keep saying that my our time was May the 8th, uh, that we we got the word. And, uh, in the meantime, of course, we did little things. Uh, several little things. Among other things. This is kind of unusual. The Texas 36th Division captured Hermann Göring, who was the number two Nazi who had been Hitler's number two man. They captured him. They brought him into the camp, and we correspondents interviewed him. And of course, it wasn't too great an interview because lots of things he didn't want to answer. And I can remember him sitting there like Frank is right now over there. I was about that close. I was close enough to hear what he said. And every once in a while he'd talk to his aide and he said. I do not want to answer that question, is what he was saying to the aide. I heard him say that numerous times, so we didn't get a lot of information out of him. Couldn't expect to, I guess. And since then, I've been reading about about that guy. It's quite a story, but on the last day, I should say the day of surrender. Uh, the first thing, it was early in the morning that we got the official word. First thing that I did, and I think every other correspondent did, was rush out to talk to the troops. Hey, the war is over. The Nazis have surrendered. Hooray! We. We thought they'd be jumping for joy. They'd be drinking champagne. They'd be getting drunk. They'd do. Oh, we just thought they'd go nuts. They didn't. Instead of feeling really glad that the war in Germany was over, they were afraid they were going to have to go to the Pacific and the Pacific War, if you know your history, blasted several more. Well, two full, two months more and it was a terrible place to be. I was not there, but I've heard enough about it to know that it must have been a rugged thing. Pretty much all the way through, because general MacArthur kept saying that the hierarchy was always taken care of the European side first. And they they didn't get enough material, they didn't get enough planes, they didn't get enough. This they didn't get enough that I don't know whether there's any truth to that. I doubt that, but our troops had heard enough. Our troops over in the ETO, the European theater of operation, had heard enough about Pacific that they that's the last place they wanted to go. They'd been through some of plenty. And so there was no rejoicing. There was no no shouting for Glee. We were so let down. I was nine and so were the others. So let down. We didn't have a story other than the story that they that they weren't. That they were afraid they were going to the Pacific. So Louis Lochner, the man I told you about from Germany, who had been there 25 years and knew every nook and cranny of the country, of Germany, every one of their no matter what part of the country it was. He knew it. And he knew about the Eagle's Nest, which was Hitler's most inaccessible hideout on the top of Kielstein mountain, way up where it was necessary for the Nazis to build a paved road, make seven tunnels through the mountain, through the mountain mountainside to get up to a tunnel, which led to an elevator which was built right in the middle of that mountain up. And so he entered his eagle's nest from the basement. Always entered from there because the elevator took him up there. Well, Louis, Louis Lochner said, you know, fellas, we didn't get a story here this morning, but I want to remember this day, and I want to remember it in a special way. And I'm going up to Hitler's Eagle's Nest. How crazy could anybody be? Go up to Hitler's Eagle's Nest up there on the top of that mountain. Well, pretty quick we got to thinking, gee whiz, he's going up and some of the rest of us want to get in on that deal do. Five of us went up there. We went in two jeeps. The first jeep got away earlier than I did, but my Jeep, just a couple of us, one of the one of the fellows with us, had been a mountain climber in Bavaria, and he was a publisher for a big paper in Saint Paul. His name was Walter Ritter, and he he knew how to climb mountains. And I'm so glad he was with us because the snow was deep. It was a long, long ways up there. It took us closely close to 2 or 3 hours to get up there, and he pointed out those little evergreens that looked so pretty that were there. He says, don't get near them. That might be a 30 foot high evergreen. And if you get near there, you're going to go right down Home on the branches of that evergreen. So he helped us, the rest of us avoid any of this kind of thing. We finally got up there or got to the outside, and I still remember looking at it and wondering whether I really wanted to go in there or not. They might have a couple of their Mad Men in there, you know, and take a shot at us. But we we did go in. In fact, after a while, I was able to break a part of a window and got boosted up and went in. And Hitler's Eagle's Nest was nothing that I had expected. I thought it would be a palatial place, you know, for this mad man, where he could look over all of this world and all these mountains and the beauty of it, and see how he could rule the whole world, you know. This was probably in his Mentality. Anyway, that's what it was. And he had his lady friend Eva Brown. She was apparently there with him part of the time anyway. Now he wasn't there all the time, by any means. This was just the ultimate place for him to dream his dreams of conquest. Well, as I say, it was not palatial. It was actually stone blocks. And the building was built eight sided, octagonal. And I guess that was so he could look out of any one of the windows, I suppose. Any park. But, uh, we got inside and we saw. Oh, it was comfortable. Of course, they had nice lounges, other furniture, all that sort of stuff. And, uh, the fireplace was going. It had been going. Some other people had gotten in there. French, I think it was French. Troops had gotten in there ahead of us, and they had started the fireplace and so forth. But there was one room off to one side of this eight sided building. They did not have a window. And in that room was a very long table, a beautiful table. It was an oak table, and it had heavy oak chairs all around. I think there were eight on each side of it. There was a long table and behind it, like that case over there where I've got some trophies, like that case over there, uh, was all kinds of chinaware, oodles of it. And I looked at that and I thought of my wife and my sisters and I. Oh, gee, where's Hitler? He doesn't need this anymore. How do I. I've got to use that bag. Maybe I can liberate some of this stuff. And I fooled around. It was locked Look, I fooled around and I kept fooling around. And finally one of the panels opened and there was a key. There was a key. I got the key and went to where it was locked, turned it over, opened the panels and I'll show you in a minute. The one of the pieces that I brought back, I gave one to my boss, too. He smoked cigarettes, so I gave him the ashtray. Uh, that was quite an experience. And then to finish that one up, it was getting kind of late in the afternoon. Sun was about to go down, and we needed to get out of there. But before we did, Louis Lochner was a correspondent that I thought so much of, borrowed the bayonet from one of the other drivers that we had because they carried guns. We didn't, but the drivers always carried guns. He borrowed the bayonet That is right at the end. At the end of the gun took it, climbed up over the fireplace and stood up there at the top and reached as high as he could. And he put down the scrape. There was there was no wallpaper. There was there were no pictures there either. And he scraped the words liberated May 8th, 1945 by Louis Lochner AP well, the guy from the United Press, he wanted to get his name up there, too. So he put his name up there, too. And the guy from the United Press, he also international press and then the United Press, they both got their names up there, and Walt Ritter of the Saint Paul Dispatch and I looked at each other and he said, oh, I want mine up there, too. So he put up Walt Ritter, Saint Paul Dispatch. And then I got up there, too, and I put her plan because there were those five names. And after that we left, and we eventually got back to camp with our story and got our story in. After that, the hierarchy in the American forces decided that the Eagle's Nest would be a very fine R\u0026R and rest and relaxation place for the troops after the war. No more fighting ever. And so they opened the tunnels. The tunnels were all blocked with snow when we went there, and there was no getting through them. And the elevator didn't work and the tunnel was blocked. So we had to go up the hard way all the way. But they got buses and they went through the tunnels. It was summer now and they had a big time. But the funny thing was that every one of those thousands of troops that went up there saw who liberated the place above the fireplace 25 years later. Uh, I took my family, my wife and children, a daughter and a son to Europe. Took a three months leave of absence. And we went all through Europe, bought a car, and of course, we crossed some of the old war trails. My son was very interested in this. And so we got up to the Eagle's Nest, and as I walked into the door, it's a tea room now. It's still going. If you want to go over, you can get a good tea and crumpets and whatever else. It became a tea room, and I walked through that door and I looked at that fireplace, because I'd been telling this story about how we had liberated the eagle's nest for to my family and some friends and everybody would listen to it. And I looked at that fireplace and above it was a big picture, 7 or 8ft feet long and 5 or 6ft high. Beautiful picture, but. Oh, God, this is terrible. That's. No. What are they going to say? But my wife walked over to the fireplace, having heard this story so many times, walked over to the fireplace and she lifted this picture just a little from the bottom. And there were our names still there. I don't know whether they're still there, but they were there 25 years after we put them up there. Well, that's kind of my story. Very glad to leave the war scenes get back home. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3041.2,3935.28"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I guess I mean, you've had you had sort of a pretty much fantastic experience, you know, as compared to a lot of people, but. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3935.32,3945.16"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e uh, had I gotten into the war, I would have probably been relegated to maybe eventually a corporal, probably been assigned to someplace at Peoria, Illinois, to hand out uniforms. That's probably what would have happened to me. And of course, I asked for it. I wanted to get in, but I didn't get in. So this enabled me to do. So here are some of the pictures. This is a book that I wrote a couple years ago. This. This shows the BBC here. That's the key BBC man. And there I am in uniform. And this, this tells about that first experience that I had over there. And here's one of the troops and so on and so forth. And then I go on to on war fronts with Patton's Third Army. The horse death camp and liberating Hitler's Eagle's Nest. That's about 30 pages of it in there. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=3945.52,4004.37"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e that's the name of the book again. Uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4004.41,4006.29"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e never a dull moment. This is herb with never a dull moment. And most people say they believe I never have had a dull moment. Because, see, here's President Truman and here's President Bush. It's close to 40 years difference in here. But I, among other things, I created what is called the National Ploughing Matches and Soil Conservation Days. And when we had one in Dallas County near Dexter, uh, a couple of people said, herb, we ought to invite the president. So we went to the white House, four of us, I guess it was went to the white House to invite the president. And instead of his listening to us inviting him, he took about 12 or 13 minutes when there was a lot of people out there wanting to see him to tell us how delighted he was to think about his days when he was a, you know, country boy farmer, ploughing and threshing, doing all that stuff. And here were a couple of guys that knew what he was talking about. And finally we got to ask the question that we'd like to have him come. And he said, you don't want me, you don't want me. And all that crowd that comes to see the Secret Service, the reporters. You don't want to hear that. I said, yes, we do. And to make a long story short, we actually did get him to the event. And there he was. That's that was something. And that went on for a time. No, this is not the cup. I think you'd like to get it, if you don't mind, I'll go get it. Can you shut it off? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4006.54,4110.109"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S3:\u003c/strong\u003e That's fine. Sure,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4110.109,4111.069"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll go get it. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4111.109,4112.39"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S3:\u003c/strong\u003e have that decoration? Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4112.39,4114.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I got a whole set of this. It was. It was really at that point. It was very impressive. It's a meissen. It's Mason, and I have no idea how many of the other big wigs in the Nazis had that. I have no idea. But I know this came from there that I know of. Uh, I can take this red thing off. That red thing, I think, is just something that we. It's","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4115.149,4144.84"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e just interesting. Okay, so I just wanted to, uh, to thank you all. For.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4146.76,4155.64"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Sharing","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4156.52,4156.88"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e everything with us. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4156.88,4157.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e my pleasure. Did you say you wanted 1 or 2? I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4158.0,4160.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S3:\u003c/strong\u003e want one of each of your books for me. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4160.72,4164.84"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/transcript/87302/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e this is my other book, but this is about older people and what they've accomplished. Uh. I'd be happy to sell it to you. That's.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=4164.84,4177.0"}]},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/index/90249","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Auto-generated Index (2025-10-01 04:58:25) [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/index/90249/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction and Personal Background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=0.0,94.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/index/90249/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The interview begins with formal introductions, including the interviewer and the speaker, Herb Plambeck. 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Despite his disappointment, a connection with a fraternity brother led to an opportunity to travel to England as one of six US editors to observe Britain under fire, marking the beginning of his wartime reporting career.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=146.0,290.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/index/90249/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Experiences in England and BBC Broadcasts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974#t=290.0,411.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163693/file/297974/index/90249/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Upon arriving in England, the speaker was approached by the BBC to produce a series of programs about his observations during wartime. 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