{"@context":"http://iiif.io/api/presentation/3/context.json","id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/iiif/sb3ws8ks1r/manifest","type":"Manifest","label":{"en":["Jennie Wolnerman-Originally on VHS"]},"logo":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","metadata":[{"label":{"en":["Agent"]},"value":{"en":["Adele Anolik","Jennie Wolnerman"]}},{"label":{"en":["Date"]},"value":{"en":["2024-09-05"]}},{"label":{"en":["Description"]},"value":{"en":["Jennie Wolnerman came from Bedzin, Poland. She describes her family and their well-to-do life before the Nazis came. She was sent to a labor camp and 2 sisters joined her there in 1943. When the Russians got close to the factory, the prisoners were marched from Germany to Prague, Czechoslovakia. She and 7 other young women escaped into the woods, begging and/or stealing food from nearby farms.  At one house, Jennie was befriended by an anti-Nazi German/Czech who hid Jennie and the other girls in her attic for about 2 weeks until the Americans came. Jennie ends the interview with details of her post-liberation and post-WWII life."]}},{"label":{"en":["Format"]},"value":{"en":["MPEG-4"]}},{"label":{"en":["Keyword"]},"value":{"en":["Family Life","Munich - Germany","Antisemitism","Family History","Anna Schidt","Concentration Camps","Prague - Cechoslovakia","Immigration","Immigrants - Polish","Cleveland  OH","Labor Camps","Des Moines IA","Israel","Neo-Nazis","Klu Klux Klan","Death March","Forced March","Gary IN","Zionism","Jewish Federation'","Auschwitz Concentration Camp","Bergen-Belsen Concentration Camp"]}},{"label":{"en":["Type"]},"value":{"en":["TheirStory"]}}],"summary":{"en":["Jennie Wolnerman came from Bedzin, Poland. She describes her family and their well-to-do life before the Nazis came. She was sent to a labor camp and 2 sisters joined her there in 1943. When the Russians got close to the factory, the prisoners were marched from Germany to Prague, Czechoslovakia. She and 7 other young women escaped into the woods, begging and/or stealing food from nearby farms.  At one house, Jennie was befriended by an anti-Nazi German/Czech who hid Jennie and the other girls in her attic for about 2 weeks until the Americans came. Jennie ends the interview with details of her post-liberation and post-WWII life."]},"provider":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/aboutus","type":"Agent","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"homepage":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/","type":"Text","label":{"en":["Iowa Jewish Historical Society"]},"format":"text/html"}],"logo":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/organizations/logo_images/000/000/184/original/ijhs2_logo.png?1629814295","type":"Image"}]}],"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/297/992/small/open-uri20251201-428871-5624ck_1764604222.jpg?1764604222","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992","type":"Canvas","label":{"en":["Media File 1 of 1 - open-uri20251201-428871-5624ck.mov"]},"duration":2747.648,"width":640,"height":360,"thumbnail":[{"id":"https://d9jk7wjtjpu5g.cloudfront.net/collection_resource_files/thumbnails/000/297/992/small/open-uri20251201-428871-5624ck_1764604222.jpg?1764604222","type":"Image","format":"image/jpeg"}],"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/content/1","type":"AnnotationPage","items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/content/1/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"painting","body":{"id":"https://aviary-p-jewishdesmoines.s3.wasabisys.com/collection_resource_files/resource_files/000/297/992/original/open-uri20251201-428871-5624ck.mov?1764604217","type":"Video","format":"video/mp4","duration":2747.648,"width":640,"height":360},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992","metadata":[]}]}],"annotations":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["TheirStory Transcript (Paragraphs with Speakers) [Transcript]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/1","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Was. My maiden name is Yan cavalryman. Or no Yan Yan. Now I was born in Beijing. 1926, November 26th. Uh. When the Germans came to Poland. We were actually. We were a family of six children. I'm a twin. We have four sisters and I. And my twin. I was the first one taken to concentration camp. Yeah, to labor camp. Actually, when the Nazis came to Poland, uh, they started to do different things, different rules. They first start to make a curfew. We couldn't go out from the house. They said that we have to start to wear those stars of David as the Jewish kids. They took away the school from us. We couldn't go have any education anymore, which we did private. Some kids, we got together in private homes and the older girls teach us a little bit. Then everybody has to go to work, which one day I was staying at home with my mother, and my sister was married at the time. She got a baby, so I had to take care of the baby with my mother. When the Nazi came, they want to take my mother away. So I was screaming and crying. I told him I want to go to replace my mother's place, that she be home and taking care of the baby. So I went. Matter of fact, I was in my robe. They took me to Dulag. That was where they. And get together. Those kids who they bring and send away to the camp labor camp. That was 1941, in January. And meanwhile, we were working there 12 hours a day in the bakery. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=16.64,134.8"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/2","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e where was your father during this time, Jenny? Where was your father during this period? You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=134.8,140.02"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/3","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e see, we lost our father very young. So my mother took care of my mother. As a business, we have a ginger ale factory. Seltzer soda. So my mother took care of the business. And? So I get so emotionally reminds me. So we were just kids at home. We were very well off. So what else I can tell you from the home? I should go farther to the. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=140.02,172.6"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/4","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e so your your family. What happened with your sisters. When","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=172.6,175.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/5","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e the German came, the first thing took away the business from us. They didn't let us stay in our home, especially people who got more than the poor ones. So they throw us out from the house. So our maid took over the home and we stay in a different house. My mother was very scared. I remember the day when we had to leave. My mother was only 44 years old. She married very young. And all of a sudden in the morning, we saw my mother. She was so gray. All the kids started to cry. We couldn't understand what happened. But that's what we were there. Meanwhile, I. They took me away. Everybody was home. The sisters working. It was very hard time. We were deprived from everything. So being in concentration camp, I met a German lady. She was very good to me. And she my mother. She gave me her address, so we corresponded. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=175.72,245.09"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/6","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e this German lady was in the. At","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=245.09,247.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/7","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e the factory where I met her. In the factory. And you see, when the German ladies work at daytime and we children work at nighttime. She taught us on the paper machines. Textile factory. So she was very nice to me. And I always used to cry. I wanted to be there. I want to go back home. So she was very helpful. And I gave her our address for my parents. My mother. And she wrote my mother a letter. My mother has contact with German people and she used to send her some packages, money or something. And she used to help me in concentration camp. It was very good to me. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=247.49,292.07"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/8","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e then. Right?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=292.76,294.24"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/9","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e Was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=294.81,295.32"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/10","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e was a good one. Yeah.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=295.35,296.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/11","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I would say that some Germans were very one percenters. They used to help the Jewish kids in the concentration camps. Yes. They were good to us. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=296.97,309.03"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/12","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you did not go to a ghetto, you say? No. Meanwhile,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=309.21,313.8"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/13","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e one day I correspond with my family. This time we were allowed to write letters home. And by the time being, they used to take all these kids to the concentration camp. So it was time when my sisters, when they took the all the Jews to ghetto, some youngsters went on their own volunteer and they were lucky that the Germans accepted them instead to go to gas camp to Auschwitz. They took him. They went to labor camp. So happened my two sisters came to my camp where I was, and one sister was married, and that camp was for men's and women's. So my brother was there too. But meanwhile they took my mother, my two sisters, my twin sister to Auschwitz, and my two sisters were with me. And the lady who used to help me out a lot, helped me more to help my sisters to survive. And meanwhile, when my younger sister was in concentration camp in Auschwitz, I remember the night when she was burned. So I screamed, I dream and I cry. So I was beaten up from the Nazis and I came because I woke up everybody. Midnight. That night I dreamed about my sister. So then when my sisters were there, we were working. They came 1943, two years after me. So when being by time being, they were working when my sister was very sick. So we supported her. We tried to help her because they want to send her to concentration camp to Auschwitz, I mean, to Geshem. But beside that, when we were there for so many years to there was to close to the end of the war. So the Russians were coming. So the German wants to take us out from the camp. So we evacuate. We walk for three months. It was March, April and May. So we were walking from Germany to Czechoslovakia to Prague. But we used to walk about 15, 20 miles a day for 20 12 hours a day. Snow, rain, no matter what. We didn't have food. We left. The camp was 2000 girls and we survived only maybe 25. They all were by the time being when we were walking. But when we left the camp, my German lady gave me clothes to change. We used to wear the Star of David under a blanket. So I remember when she gave me a dress to wear. I have long hair and I was always thinking to escape, but when I did that several times, I still always. You see, in the morning when we left in the morning, we slept in a barn where they had those cows. And so we went. At nighttime we stayed at the barns. But meanwhile I used to escape to the joy to go to the farmers. So I used to go to farmers and beg for food to help my sisters. But I always have to say a different lie that I'm. I spoke very good German. So at that time, once they almost caught me. But I went back to the barn. Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=313.8,546.33"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/14","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e it sounds like you had a lot of flexibility. You were able to go in and out of. Uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=546.42,552.39"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/15","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e not exactly, not exactly. But when you go in a barn, they have those doors on the bottom. They used to have those holes. The doors weren't like normal doors. So we used to escape some girls at night time. And the German Nazis were walking around, but we were watching them, not they watch us that we could be able to run away. But I was always a strong girl. I always felt, I don't want to give up. I want to help my sisters and my friends. So that's the only time we could help ourselves. Was","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=552.54,588.49"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/16","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e there any kind of a help within this labor camp? I mean, any Jewish group that was formed, a Judenrat, or did you have any help or was there? What was the Jewish feeling within the camp or was that important? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=588.49,607.09"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/17","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e we used to like it comes to holidays. So they used to give us special all year round. They didn't give us so much food. But when they came for Yom Kippur, we wanted fast. That's what you mean. If we celebrate some holidays, we try to. But they didn't let us. They beat us up once. I was so beaten up. That's why I got my problem with my ears. Or the night when I dreamed about my sister, I cry. I was very hysterical. So the Nazi came and she beat me up. And all of a sudden I felt it. My ears is bleeding. And that's what I have that problem from my with my ear. That's what happened to me. But at that time, we were trying to we were trying to show them that we still feel that our Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, we were trying not to eat. We were used to fasting anyway. We didn't have enough food, but particularly that day, they were trying to give us soup, and we didn't want it to eat because we felt we wanted to show them. But","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=607.12,670.87"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/18","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you had. What kind of food did you have? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=671.71,674.47"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/19","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e food they used to give us just when we used to come from work. Soup and a little piece of potato. You could finally find something in it. But that's the way we survived. We were trying to. We were young. We still were strong. From our foundation, what we have at home, we were. But it was very hard. Very. What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=674.5,698.2"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/20","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e was the work that you did? What was the actual work that you did when they sent you out in these labor in this labor camp. What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=698.2,705.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/21","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e we did there, we were working in a factory. It was a big textile factory. Right. And we were each each girls. Few girls were vaporized by different departments. And there usually we used to have a little help from some German woman who used to bring us some food. Some girls used to bring jewelry with them. They were selling that for bread. So we were trying to help ourselves. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=705.5,739.07"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/22","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e were you ever aware of any resistance group at all when you were? Not","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=739.07,743.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/23","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e that I was. We were young girls, 13, 14 years. Kids. We didn't know about those things. We were too young. We were too innocent. And we just do not generally, we just don't believe in. We didn't resist Just nothing. We were afraid. Do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=743.78,764.13"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/24","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you remember what you mentioned about fears of your sister? When do you remember? When you first heard what was happening to the Jews in Auschwitz? Oh.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=764.13,774.03"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/25","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Is she. Um, we didn't know much about it. We didn't have no contact with the world. We were so deprived from everything we knew. Just to get up in the morning, go to work, come back. We were tired. Wherever I was a day. Sometimes we were daytime. Sometimes we work at night time. Beginning. We used to work at daytime because they want us to teach us with the German women how to do the job, but then we have to work at night time. That's all we knew. We went to work at night 7:00 at night 8:00 came back at 8:00 in the morning. Then we went to sleep. Then we stayed outside. They were punishing us so much we didn't know what to do. We were spending some time, hours outside in the snow and rain just to stay. Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=774.06,826.48"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/26","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e when they took you from your hometown and they took you, you went directly to this labor camp, right? And that was where. And what was its name? William.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=826.51,836.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/27","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Yes. That was the camp in Greenburg, Schlesien. Where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=837.13,840.73"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/28","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e was that? In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=840.73,841.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/29","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Germany? In Germany, that was. We drove that time. I remember all night in a train. That's all I know. At that time, I was crying and crying. I was beaten up many times because, first of all, my my uncle was the president of the community in our town. And my mother was trying to get me back home. So they the first thing came the papers, and they want to let me out. But the Nazis didn't let me. They thought you were rich, Jew. You're not better than the poor or whatever they used to. So the first thing. I got beaten up for that. It was very horrible. I would never believe when somebody would tell me what I went through in my life, being such a young girl. I would never believe that could really happen. And a young kid could take it so much. It's unbelievable. The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=841.81,896.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/30","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e lady at the factory. Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=896.44,898.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/31","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e her name was Anna Smith. She was very nice to me. From the day she met me, I was working on her machine. She was so good to me. After a while, being in contact with my mother, she used to tell me personal things too, about her family. I told her about mine and being there maybe a year. She wanted me to escape, so she was bringing me all the plants. One day, her daughter came and reduced herself to me. That I knew how she looked like when I decided to escape. So she introduced me. But nobody could. I pretend that nothing because God forbid, a Nazi or somebody would see that they would kill me. So I saw her face. I knew what was the plans to do, who I should walk to, and happened at that time. She brought me a Hitler Youth outfit and a bike. And my girlfriend has another lady who was to her so good and my dear close friend. We both were planning to do that and she has another lady German lady, so we decide to escape. But when she was the first one, unfortunately they cut her. I was standing in the garage where my lady's daughter was waiting with the bike for me. I went there and took. She put on the side the uniform bag. I took the bag. I went in the bathroom, got dressed, I went down, I saw my girlfriend got caught by the guard. So I went back, I dressed back, I left my dress there and I went back to the factory. When my lady, Mrs. Smith, saw me there, she thought that something must to happen. But it was very terrible tragedy. They hanged my girlfriend and concentration camp. We all girls were crying. They cut her and then I refused to escape. Have","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=899.29,1021.77"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/32","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you been in touch with through the years? Were you ever in touch with this, Mrs. Smith? Do you. Know?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1021.77,1027.68"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/33","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Oh, yes. Not never. After the war time, when we. When we left that time when we were evacuated. Like I say, she gave me clothes and she gave me a little comb to comb my hair to go that I be able to. Maybe at that time I always thought of something to do. I was like a tomboy. And After the war time happened, we were so we were not a normal people. First of all, when we were liberated from the Nazis, we were in a hospital in Germany and Prague. And we were very sick. So they took care of us. How this happened? I tell you, the last night, few weeks before the liberation, we started to run away. And always there was something we could not do it. But because I always went away and my sisters were afraid. So I always tell them when I went away, you follow me. But they were afraid. I was the youngest one. But by by walking we used to stop at the pasture. Once at noontime I told my sisters I'm running away. I saw a bridge after the bridge Under the bridge. You follow me. But I stayed there for 20 minutes. 30 minutes. They didn't come, so I went back. They were still sitting there. I went down there under the bridge. I got my comb with me, and I had my clothes under my clothes. I had my dress. I got undressed, I wear my dress with the. I left my blanket with the Star of David. That I don't be suspicious that I am the one of those girls. When I came back, my sisters didn't want to come, so I pretended I'm not the kind of girl I walk by. They were sitting on the side. Those girls and they all knew me already. We talked polish and I said to one of my girlfriends to tell my sister that I'm here. They might not see me. So they saw me and I told them where I am. They should come down if they have a chance to run away, which I went back under the bridge and my sister followed me. And it happened when they came down. The Nazi always used to clean up the place to check if any of our girls are hidden there. And happened. They came down under the bridge and they cut us. But you see, we have some jewelry with us. And both my sisters and I, we took the whole thing. Each one, we hide it. We make a bag with our hair and we tied it and we put on a babushka. So my sister has a beautiful gold powder box from her husband when she was engaged. And she gave the Nazi that and he left us there. That was that time, maybe two weeks before the American liberate Czechoslovakia. So meanwhile, what we do there, we were waiting till midnight and she left us. Then there was another five girls. So we were eight girls together. We were waiting till night. Everything is quiet. We went to the woods. We were there at the woods in the morning when it got lighter. I went and walked and they follow me. We saw a house, and in that house was the farmers. So I went in and I asked for food. Daytime we steal if they don't give us. And nobody was there. We steal the food. And in the evening we went back to the woods. That was several evenings like that. One evening before we went to the woods, I saw a house with lights. And I felt I go in there and my sisters and we all the girls were together and they were waiting outside. And I went in and all of a sudden I see a full house with soldiers. And I said, oh my God, what am I going to do here? And this lady in the back was having like a bar stool. But they call this in Germany. They come, the soldiers drinking beer, having a good time with the girls, and she was making business from it because happened. This lady, her husband was also against the Nazi that they put them in country. And she was German, Turkish, German. So when she saw me in the front, she got suspicious because usually the German girls came happy. Pappy. I came in like an orphan and I saw so many soldiers. So I got scared. I want to go back. So one soldier grabbed me and said, come stay here. I said, okay, you know what? All all of a sudden I felt, I want to have some excuses. So I say, okay, I'll be right back. I tell my mother outside that I'm here. I knew what was going on, so I went out and I told my sisters right away. They got scared. They saw singing and drinking, you know. So we went behind the house where my sisters and my girlfriends were waiting. And that lady came. She came and she told us, I know you must be those escapees from the judicial kinder. She asked us, so that's why she. We told her. We told her the whole truth. We didn't have nothing to lose. So she took us upstairs in the attic and kept us for two weeks. She had us all eight girls, all the girls. We were there in the attic hidden. And every day I used to go out and snow, like they say, begging for food. And she helped us a little bit too. And then came the Americans. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1027.71,1418.09"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/34","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you weren't in the labor camp at the time of the liberation? You were? No, no. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1418.09,1422.98"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/35","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e were hiding in the attic. Hiding. And when the American soldiers came, we she used to come and tell us stories every day about the news that how close the Americans are coming, that we should have patience and patience. And that happened. We did wait. And when the Americans came, she took away. We didn't even know what to do with that like that. So she took a white piece of sheet to show them that she is giving up, that somebody is here. So they came. Then the American soldiers came, happened. We came down. We looked terribly not was skinny. My sisters were so sick. So lots of weight. I look still a little bit calm. She used to wash me and comb my hair and wash me. So when they asked us what happened, we didn't know how to speak English. I still don't know now. But we asked for a Polish soldier or a Jewish soldier who speaks Jewish or Polish or German. So there were a Jewish lieutenant, a very nice man. He spoke to us. Jewish. First of all, they want to kill the lady because they thought that she is Nazi. She kept us in the attic. So that's why we stopped them. We told them we want somebody who speak Polish or Jewish, that we could explain to them. So what happened was a Jewish fellow, a lieutenant and a Polish soldier. And we told him everything. We took him upstairs where we were hidden. My sister couldn't walk that day. So then they found out that we are the concentration camp children. So they took us to hospital first to give us food, to come back to our energy, to be back a human being, let's put it that way. Now,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1422.98,1535.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/36","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you were in this home in Czechoslovakia? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1535.23,1537.9"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/37","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e In Prague. So how did you communicate? You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1537.9,1539.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/38","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e didn't speak Czech? No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1539.97,1542.4"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/39","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e they spoke German to that. They did. The Czechs spoke German. And then later, when we felt after a few weeks they let us out. The the American Jewish community, the Jewish soldiers, they organized a group. They see that we have our own house. So they took over a German house and gave it to us. And we were eight girls starting to be human beings living like that. And we eat good. They brought us nice food, everything. And then we came to Germany. So","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1542.4,1580.96"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/40","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e after the hospital in Czechoslovakia and. Czechoslovakia,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1580.96,1584.83"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/41","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e we went to Germany. Yes. They took us because, you see, when we were private there, then they brought a rabbi from the army. And Friday night, one Friday night, the rabbi came. We cook, we eat together. He told us that. Ask us what we want to do, where we want to go. So we say we want to go where the Jewish people are. So they told us the best thing be for us to go to Germany. And then we see what we could do, that we could get papers or Jewish Federation will take us to United States. But we didn't understood those many things, what they were talking to us. Anyway, we came with them to Germany. Where","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1584.83,1631.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/42","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e in Germany? Munich.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1631.75,1633.16"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/43","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e You were in Munich? Yes, in Munich was the hole. When I get nervous, I could hardly talk English. They put us all together. The organization, right? They had the community established already. And then we. Somebody asked us to go to a small town. And I met a family, an older people with a son, and they were together with us. And he was a very high educated man. And we went to a small town where he organized a Jewish community, and there came more Jewish people. And we were living in a small town in Germany. Then they got in contact with the Jewish Federation. They helped us and we that's the way we were there. Meanwhile, I met my husband, I got married, we came to United in Germany. Yes, we did in Germany. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1633.19,1691.81"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/44","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e then you were there. How long. In","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1691.93,1693.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/45","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Germany? We Leila. How long? Five years. From 1950. 1950. We came. But not that we lived for, but three years. Three years, my sisters. We lived together where we organized the community with a young, older couple, very high educated people. They help us to. And we stayed there, but we traveled in Germany a little bit. Then my sister got married. One sister went to the United States. My brother lost his family here, which they brought him there, and I stayed with another sister. She got married, so I stayed with my sister. I was the youngest one, but meanwhile they wanted me to get educated. I still didn't have my education. So I went to Hanover, to a big city by Bergen-Belsen, Bergen-Belsen and I stayed there where the president of the community was. And that Was a very close friend of our family from my hometown, so he helped me out, but I didn't went along to school. I went back to my sisters. I felt I want to be with my sisters. Meanwhile, I met my husband. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1693.85,1769.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/46","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I want to ask you if you can share with me what how do you feel about your survival? I mean, how do you think that you manage to survive? I mean, was it luck? What","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1769.35,1785.28"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/47","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e was it? First of all, we were thankful to God that we are free. Because being free means that we were always under such pressure. It took us a long time after even the war time when we used to go on the street. Even in Germany. When we came, we see a soldier or a policeman. We were so scared we ran away. We hide, you know, and all of a sudden we got used to freedom. We appreciate to God that we are free. And being in United States, we also are thankful to God that that great country took us over here, where I feel as a free citizen. First of all, I feel we should not forget what happened. They should be in history because people now, some of them are fanatic crazy. They put in papers. They advertise that this never happened. neo-Nazis, Ku Klux Klan, whatever. anti-Semitism. We have to prevent that. We cannot let it just to be forgotten. Our children's children should even remember the whole world. Not only Jews. So Gentiles too should know that should never happen again. And we never let it happen again. Thanks to Israel, to having our country. If","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1785.28,1879.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/48","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e there would have been an Israel at the time when all of this happened, would you have gone? What do you mean? You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1879.35,1886.97"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/49","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e see, Israelis are more they more they are different people. No,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1886.97,1894.5"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/50","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e but had Israel, had there been a state of Israel at the time when Hitler. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1894.5,1899.63"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/51","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e don't know if would. You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1899.63,1900.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/52","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e have gone? Would you have known to go to Israel? Of","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1900.71,1905.3"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/53","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e course you would have gone. I would have gone. Happened. My my whole family was Zionist from my mother's side. My background were all Zionists. My sister wants to go to Israel when she was young. And my mother didn't let her go because she. It was a different life. Everybody. We were very close family in it. We were afraid that the parents used to say, no, you have to stay home. You can't go out of the country. We were we felt we should stay home. Oh, in Poland was also anti-Semitism, you could tell. We were brought up with that. But, you know, every Poland they used to say have their own Jew. It's an expression in Polish, but we still live. What can we do? How","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1905.3,1959.3"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/54","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e do you feel about being Jewish? I'm","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1959.3,1961.82"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/55","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e very proud to be a Jew because Jewish people don't have no hatred, no matter what they do to them, but they still always will survive, no matter how Jewish people are very proud people, smart, supposed to be chosen people. But we are good people We don't have hate words. No matter what they do to us. When I used to tell this to my kids, they used to say they couldn't understand. They were so mad. But I don't bring up my children with hatred. I just want them to know what the Germans did. But I always taught my children to give good examples. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1961.82,2008.12"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/56","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you don't feel hatred for you? Don't feel that you have hatred for what? You","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2008.12,2012.47"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/57","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e know what they say. You forgive, but you don't forget. But still, being a Jew, I'm very proud. And I always will admit it. I want my kids to know too, and always to prove that they are Jewish, but to have friends no matter what. I have used to have Gentile friends, good friends, all with respect. When my Gentile friends used to come to my house on Friday night, they don't smoke cigarettes because I light my candles for respect. I go to them on Christmas, celebrate Christmas, right? They come to my house, celebrate Hanukkah, all with respect. When my kids knew they're Jewish. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2012.47,2055.949"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/58","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e have you shared your experiences, your experiences during these years with your children? Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2055.98,2062.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/59","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I do tell them that I do. My kids know it. My kids understand that. And I just pray to God never happen again. That our children's children happen to go through what we went through. I hope to God they don't. Uh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2062.88,2082.62"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/60","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e does it, uh, affected your trust in people? What happened during these years? Do you still. Trust?","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2082.62,2090.63"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/61","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Uh. Depends. In my private life. You mean. Or general? No, no. It's how you. Depends who you associate with. You have to have confidence to people. Of course, sometimes they disappoint you, but in private life you have to like people and to be likable. You cannot live with grudge. You cannot live with hatred. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2090.63,2119.23"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/62","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e which Jewish organization helped you get to the United States? Were they very helpful and in getting you to the States after the war? Actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2119.23,2129.58"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/63","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e Jewish Federation products when I came with my husband. But fortunately, thank God, my husband was a businessman in Germany. He brought some stuff here. We we didn't depend on nobody. Thank God we don't have to. My husband was very independent. He found himself a job. We were very, uh, grateful to the Jewish Federation, what they did to us that they brought us. But we right away found ourselves a private life. And we don't depend on nothing. Nobody. My husband has a job. He was working. He used to be a printer, and he makes good money. And he bought something. So we make a living and thank God we don't need nothing from nobody. And whatever we could give, we try to. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2129.61,2178.03"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/64","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e where did you come in the United States? Well,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2178.03,2179.98"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/65","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e we came first to Cleveland, Ohio. This renovation was very generous to us. They gave us an apartment when I was sick. They want to send me back to Florida, which I didn't know what Florida is, but I thanked them. I said just fine. I went to hospital, I got my surgery, and then I started Normal Life. My husband was working. I had my sister there. And so meanwhile my husband went in business. Thank God we fortunately thank God we were successful and so he very happy being there in Cleveland for a short time. We went to Gary, Indiana where my husband took over the business with his brother in law being there also. For how many years? David? 30 years. Unfortunately, my husband has an open heart surgery. My kids were here the first thing while we were trying to give our children education. First of all, that was our mine having. Unfortunately, we didn't have opportunity to. So we tried to give our children the best we could. And my son came here first. He settled down. He went to college. My second son also followed his brother's death. He's a pharmacist. And my husband, unfortunately had the surgery. Doctors who used to go to Florida. But my kids and I only have two children. I felt the child was left to us. We don't want to be too far away from them. So the kids want us to stay with us here. So we decided to move. And we are very happy here. People are very nice, beautiful community. We cannot ask for more. And whatever I could do, I tried. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2179.98,2284.04"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/66","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e in Cleveland and in Gary. Were you well received by the Jewish community? No. Just","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2284.07,2290.58"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/67","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e in Cleveland. What do you mean? Were","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2290.58,2295.71"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/68","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e they were they friendly to you? Did they? Yes. We","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2295.71,2299.85"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/69","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e have, yes. I tell you, generally we have our own crowd we live by. We have a private life community. It's not like here. It's not like here. Brexit is different. There","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2299.85,2312.3"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/70","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e are many survivors there. Yes, mainly with a group of. Right.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2312.3,2315.99"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/71","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e We have our own group. Right. Brexit is different. This is beautiful. The people, Jewish gentiles, they're all nice. But in Cleveland we were just all our friends together. My husband was working and everybody was young or busy to raising children, so it was a different life. When you're young. Is.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2315.99,2337.59"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/72","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e The","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2337.6,2337.78"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/73","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e whole includes you, the Jewish community. Or did you feel. Oh,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2337.78,2341.44"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/74","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e yes. Oh, sure. We belong to. Of course, yes we do. Matter of fact, we even support Jewish, by the way. We give money to them, to whatever we could. No matter what. As long as we give. Then","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2341.44,2356.56"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/75","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you made your move here. Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2356.56,2358.75"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/76","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e That's the only reason we moved here. Because my husband's condition and my children are here. And","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2358.75,2367.12"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/77","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e I'll just ask you, do you think that the community, this community here, now that you live here, has been affected by what happened in the Holocaust? Do you think they understand or do you feel. Actually,","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2367.93,2379.72"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/78","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e I didn't have another opportunity to talk about it. I just know I came here. I have my children. I have my private life. The community is beautiful. Like I say, no, nothing against that. I feel like at home they accept me in the community, which I appreciate when I have my private life with my family. Whatever I could do, I'm always willing to whatever is my power. And as far as. What do you mean, survivors? Do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2379.72,2409.63"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/79","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you have any worry? I mean that what happened could happen again. And do you think that people understand this or. This","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2409.63,2416.8"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/80","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e is this is in the whole United States. You've seen papers, you've seen the television. Some crazy people are against anti-Semitism. Yes. It's a big anti-Semitism. I knew that it was. It is and always will be. Let's face it. But we have to fight for it. We have to fight. Do","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2416.8,2440.35"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/81","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e you have any fears that there will be another Holocaust? I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2440.35,2443.38"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/82","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e hope not. I don't think so in United States. Will that happen? Because our government is not like a Russian government or Polish government. This is democracy? I don't think so. And secondly, we went through so much. We have so much experience. We will not let it go. If somebody knocked on my door now and Nazi and I know he wants to kill me, I do something else against him. I know I'd be killed. But before I be killed, I do something to him. I would defend myself before I couldn't. Not that again. That I live with hatred. But before I was young, I didn't know. We didn't have experience to defend ourselves. Now I know what they do to Israel, what they do all over the world. So I know I have to defend myself. I will, I know I'll be killed. But first, before he kill me, I do something wrong to him. I","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2443.41,2500.36"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/83","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S2:\u003c/strong\u003e would you tell us? Yes.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2500.57,2502.13"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/transcript/87316/annotation/84","type":"Annotation","motivation":"transcribing","body":{"type":"TextualBody","value":"\u003cstrong\u003eSPEAKER_S1:\u003c/strong\u003e My sister was very young when she married. She was a beauty. She once won a contest. Beauty contest in Poland. She was 19 when she married. When my sister went to concentration camp, she got a baby. She was very, very talented girl. She used to be a dressmaker designer. She always wanted to be a designer. So she used to be in concentration camp Auschwitz, where she used to sew clothes for the Nazis wives. Once the Nazis came in to her. And she used to live by herself with my aunt and my younger sister. Twin sister. And once the Nazi came and asked her to take her out, she wants to take out from save her life. So she felt the baby was only two years old. She wants to save the life of her baby. She accepted the offer, but when he refused to take the baby so she said no. He said to her, this baby is Jewish. So she said, I'm Jewish too. So he said, I won't take you. I want to take you. Not the baby. So she said, I don't want to go. So he got mad and took the baby away. And I guess my sister got very hysterical. He took him against him and kill her. And my brother was still alive after the war time. He did sabotage many things in Germany for hatred. He was so mad at them. Thank you for sharing. You're welcome.","format":"text/plain"},"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=2502.31,2596.05"}]},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263","type":"AnnotationPage","label":{"en":["Auto-generated Index (2024-09-05 21:09:59) [Index]"]},"items":[{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/85","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Introduction and Family Background","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=0.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/86","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker introduces herself as Yan cavalryman, later Yan Yan, born in Beijing on November 26th, 1926. She describes her family as consisting of six children, including herself as a twin, and four sisters. The speaker provides a brief insight into her family's life before the war, mentioning their well-off status and their ginger ale factory business run by her mother.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=0.0,47.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/87","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Speaker's Deportation to Labor Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=47.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/88","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker was the first in her family to be taken to a labor camp, specifically to Dulag, in January 1941. She describes the work conditions in the camp, where they worked 12-hour shifts in a bakery, and the absence of her father, who had passed away when they were young, leaving the business in her mother's care.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=47.0,52.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/89","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Early Impact of Nazi Occupation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=52.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/90","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker recounts the early days of the Nazi occupation in Poland, detailing the imposition of curfews, the requirement for Jewish children to wear the Star of David, and the prohibition of education, which led to clandestine learning sessions in private homes. She also mentions the forced labor that everyone had to undertake, including her own experience of being at home taking care of a baby when the Nazis came to take her mother away.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=52.0,134.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/91","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Family's Fate and Work in the Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=134.0,230.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/92","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker explains that her father had passed away early, and her mother managed their family business. She shares the emotional toll of being forced out of their home and the subsequent hardships they faced, including the loss of their business and the need to work in the labor camp.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=134.0,230.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/93","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Assistance from a German Woman","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=230.0,308.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/94","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker met a kind German woman in the concentration camp who provided her with support and even corresponded with her mother. This woman worked in the same factory and helped the speaker by providing her with food and other necessities, as well as maintaining a connection with her family outside the camp.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=230.0,308.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/95","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The Ghetto and Family Separation","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=308.0,313.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/96","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker clarifies that she did not go to a ghetto but instead was sent directly to a labor camp. She details the separation of her family, with some members being sent to Auschwitz while others joined her in the labor camp. The German woman who had been helping her also extended her support to the speaker's sisters.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=308.0,313.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/97","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The March and Escape Attempts","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=313.0,697.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/98","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker describes a forced march from Germany to Czechoslovakia, during which they walked for three months and many girls did not survive. She recounts her own escape attempts, including seeking help from farmers and narrowly avoiding capture by the Nazis.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=313.0,697.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/99","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Life in the Labor Camp","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=697.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/100","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker details the labor they performed in a textile factory and the limited food they received. She also touches on the Jewish holidays, explaining how they tried to observe them despite the harsh conditions, and the repercussions they faced for doing so.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=697.0,1417.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/101","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Liberation and Aftermath","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1417.0,1768.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/102","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker was not in the labor camp at the time of liberation; instead, she and others were hiding in an attic. She describes their rescue by American soldiers, their recovery in a hospital, and the subsequent move to a Jewish community in Germany, where she eventually met her husband.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1417.0,1768.0"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/103","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"Immigration to the United States and Reflections","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Title"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1768.0,2747.648"},{"id":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992/index/90263/annotation/104","type":"Annotation","motivation":"supplementing","body":[{"type":"TextualBody","value":"The speaker reflects on her survival, attributing it to strength and a refusal to give up. She discusses her immigration to the United States, her gratitude for the freedom and opportunities provided, and her determination to ensure that the history of the Holocaust is not forgotten. She emphasizes the importance of living without hatred and teaching her children the same values.","format":"text/plain","label":{"en":["Synopsis"]}}],"target":"https://ijhs.aviaryplatform.com/collections/1537/collection_resources/163710/file/297992#t=1768.0,2747.648"}]}]}]}